As part of the mission design procedure of the Surveillance and Reconnaissance Microsatellite Constellation Mission for the Korean Peninsula, this paper presents an analytical process of the LEO microsatellite constellation design for discontinuous re...
As part of the mission design procedure of the Surveillance and Reconnaissance Microsatellite Constellation Mission for the Korean Peninsula, this paper presents an analytical process of the LEO microsatellite constellation design for discontinuous regional coverage problem with minimum revisit time, and an in-plane orbit deployment strategy using differential atmosphere drag control (DADC). The objective of the mission is to configure a satellite constellation system with 20 or 30 microsatellites to rapidly revisit 10-major military areas near the Korean Peninsula, which makes the constellation design problem fall into a discontinuous regional coverage problem with minimum revisit time.
In this study, we propose an optimal inclination search algorithm for single or multiple ground targets and suggest the common-ground-track (CGT) constellation with the optimal inclination as a solution for the problem. Furthermore, we present a preliminary result of the DADC single-plane constellation deployment strategy, where the satellites have equally spaced relative phase (argument of latitude) for regular observations after the deployment.
The optimal inclination search algorithm utilizes a two-dimensional coverage map in (Ω, u) space to quantify the geographical observability of a given orbit, given payload’s field-of-view (FOV). The algorithm then calculates the optimal orbital inclination that maximizes the observability for single or multiple ground targets specified in the mission conditions. The study also compares and analyzes the average and maximum revisit performance of the CGT constellations and Walker-delta constellations under the three orbital inclination conditions: the optimal orbital inclination, the restricted orbital inclination by launching projectiles from the Korean Peninsula, and the inclination for sun-synchronous orbit condition.
Numerical simulation for a ground target (Seoul) shows that the CGT constellation pattern has better performance in both average and maximum revisit time compared to all possible T/P/F configuration of Walker-delta constellation pattern when the inclination is not optimal. With optimal orbital inclination, on the other hand, the average revisit performance of the two constellation patterns appears to be the same. Also, the CGT pattern tends to have better maximum revisit performance than the Walker-delta pattern, where some specific Walker-delta constellation patterns show smaller maximum revisit time compared to the CGT constellation.
In the study of the constellation orbit deployment, the Walker-delta constellation pattern is adopted for the practical mission planning, and it assumes that the satellites that are sharing the same orbital plane are launched together and to be evenly distributed. In this study, we calculate DADC attitude changing time for each satellite to satisfy the boundary conditions for given constellation configuration, then we perform a numerical simulation with perturbation environment.