1인 가구의 소형주택 주거선호도에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Housing Preference of Single-Person Households in Small-Houses

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As the number of family members, which is the basic structure of households, gradually decreased, the number of single-person households has increased significantly compared to the all family members since 2000.
The increase of single-person households has affected not only the social structure but also the housing market, but the supply of small-sized houses or housing policies reflecting the characteristics of single-person households have not been dealt with in depth.
For modern people, the residential space is not only a place to live, but also a space of Querencia, such as my own resting place where stress and fatigue can be relieved and relaxed, so housing supply also needs to be changed according to the lifestyle of modern people.
Therefore, in the overall aspect of housing, it is necessary to study to make a more stable and satisfactory residential environment by providing differentiated supply reflecting the residential preference factors of single-person households.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the residential preference factors of single-person households by group divided into college, office area, and elderly group to cope with the increasing demand for small-sized houses and provide differentiated small houses that can meet the needs of single-person households by group in order to provide residential satisfaction and stability of single-person households.
For this purpose, a survey was conducted by dividing into college, office area, and elderly groups to carry out a sample survey for empirical analysis, and the study has differentiated from previous studies by investigating and analyzing the one-person households currently including the one-person households in the future. The results and implications of the study are summarized as follows.
First, the residential preference of the college group was the most preferred urban living house near the university, and as for external factors, they preferred places where educational facilities and crime prevention systems were well-established, and convenience facilities were nearby and places without non-preferred facilities.
As for the internal factors, they thought that the security facilities and environmental hygiene in the building were important and preferred new houses with full options.
Second, they preferred most urban living houses located in the station area as their preferred residential area in the office area, and as for external factors, they also preferred convenient transportation to reduce commuting time, and places with amenities and cultural facilities close to the house, and well equipped crime prevention system.
As for internal factors, they preferred places with good security facilities and environmental hygiene inside the building, places with plenty of parking spaces, and newly constructed full-option houses with a good room structure and storage space.
Third, the elderly group preferred apartments in general residential areas the most, and as for external factors, they preferred places with well-equipped medical facilities around the house and no non-preferred facilities.
As for internal factors, they considered the direction of the house important, and preferred the house with the bathroom and kitchen window for the structure of the room and the ventilation of the house.
Based on the implication derived from the analysis, as a result of analyzing by dividing into college, office area, and elderly, the preference for housing by group was significantly different even with the same factors.
This means that when supplying small houses, groups or age groups should be identified and differentiated housing supply should be provided as much as possible reflecting the factors they prefer.
In the case of low age group and women living in college and office area, as crime prevention facilities have a great influence on residential preference factors, it should be aware the importance of crime prevention facilities and pay attention to strengthening the safety of single female households when supplying small houses in the future.
In addition, the aging index has also increased, with the number of elderly single-person households increasing, but the number of small-sized houses accordingly was insufficient, and it is urgent to supply small-sized houses suitable for one elderly household.
Finally, the middle-aged and the elderly tend to prefer apartments because of the inconvenience of small houses.
Therefore, if the group of single-person household in the apartment supply area is analyzed and the small house is supplied accordingly, the residential satisfaction will also increase in line with the residential preference of single-person households who want to enjoy the advantages of small-sized houses and apartments.
This study analyzes the housing preference factors required by single-person households in each group, and based on the results of this study, It is hoped that the supply of small houses will be a reference for the supply of various types of differentiated small houses reflecting the residential preference factors of single-person households.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

가구를 구성하는 기본 구조인 가족 구성원의 수가 점차 줄어들면서 2000년 이후 전체 가족 구성원 대비 1인 가구의 수가 크게 증가하였다. 1인 가구의 증가는 사회 구조는 물론 주택시장에도 영향을 미치고 있지만, 아직 1인 가구의 특성을 반영한 소형주택의 공급이나 주택정책이 심도 있게 다루어지지 않고 있다. 현대인들에게 주 거공간은 더 이상 주거목적 뿐만 아니라 스트레스와 피로를 풀며 안정을 취할 수 있는 나만의 휴식처 같은 케렌시아 공간을 필요로 하고 있어 주택공급의 방향도 현 대인들의 라이프스타일에 맞는 트렌드의 변화가 필요하다. 따라서 주거의 전반적인 측면에서 1인 가구의 주거선호요인을 반영한 차별적인 공급이 이루어져 보다 안정 적이고 만족스러운 주거환경을 만들기 위한 연구가 필요한 시점이다.
본 연구의 목적은 증가하는 1인 가구의 소형주택 수요에 대응하기 위하여 대학가, 오피스 지역, 노령층 집단으로 세분화된 집단별 1인 가구의 주거선호요인을 분석해 향후 소형주택 공급 시 집단별 1인 가구의 요구를 충족시킬 수 있는 차별적인 소형 주택의 공급으로 1인 가구의 주거만족과 안정을 도모하고자 한다. 이러한 목적을 위 해 실증분석을 위한 표본조사를 대학가, 오피스 지역, 노령층 집단으로 나누어 설문 조사 하였고, 현재 1인 가구를 포함하여 장래 1인 가구를 희망하는 대상과 같이 조 사하여 분석함으로써 선행연구와의 차별성을 두었으며, 연구의 결과 및 시사점은 다 음과 같이 요약된다.
첫째, 대학가 집단이 선호하는 주거는 대학가 인근의 도시형 생활주택으로 나타났고, 외부 요인은 교육시설과 방범시스템이 잘 되어 있으면서 편의시설이 가까이 있 고, 비선호시설이 없는 곳을 선호하였다. 내부 요인은 건물 내 방범시설과 환경위생 을 중요하게 생각하였고, 신축의 풀 옵션이 되어있는 주택을 선호하였다.
둘째, 오피스 지역이 선호하는 주거는 역세권에 위치한 도시형 생활주택을 가장 선 호하였고, 외부 요인으로는 출·퇴근 시간의 단축을 위해 교통이 편리하고, 집과 가까 운 거리에 편의시설과 문화시설을 이용할 수 있으며, 방범시스템이 잘 갖추어진 곳을 선호하였다. 내부 요인은 건물 내 방범시설과 환경위생이 잘 되어 있고, 주차공간이 넉넉한 곳을 선호하였으며, 방의 구조와 수납공간이 잘 되어 있는 신축의 풀 옵션 주 택을 선호하였다.
셋째, 노령층 집단의 경우에는 일반 주거지의 아파트를 가장 선호하였고, 외부 요 인으로는 집 주변에 의료시설이 잘 갖추어져 있으며, 비선호시설이 없는 곳을 선호 하였다. 내부 요인은 방의 방향과 구조를 중요하게 생각하였고, 집안의 환기를 위해 화장실과 주방에 창문이 있는 주택을 선호하였다.
분석을 통해 도출된 시사점으로 대학가, 오피스 지역, 노령층으로 나누어 분석한 결 과 같은 요인이라도 집단별 주거선호도는 확연히 차이가 났다. 이는 소형주택 공급 시 집단 또는 연령층을 파악하여, 그들이 선호하는 요인을 최대한 반영한 차별적인 주택 공급을 해야 한다는 것이다. 대학가와 오피스 지역처럼 연령층이 낮고 여성이 많이 거 주하는 지역의 경우 방범시설이 주거선호요인에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 이 는 방범시설의 중요성을 알고 향후 소형주택 공급 시 여성 1인 가구에 대한 안전강화 에 더욱더 신경을 써야 할 것이다. 또한 노령화 지수가 증가하면서 노인 1인 가구도 증가했지만, 그에 따른 주택은 그 수가 미흡하여, 생활의 편리성과 케어, 그리고 누구 도 소외되지 않는 시스템을 갖춘 노인만을 위한 소형주택 등의 공급도 시급하다.
마지막으로 중·장년층의 경우 소형주택의 불편함으로 인해 대부분 아파트를 선호 하는 것으로 보인다. 이에 아파트 공급 지역의 1인 가구의 집단을 분석하여 그에 맞 는 소형주택을 같이 공급한다면 소형주택의 장점과 아파트의 장점을 원하는 1인 가 구의 주거선호도와 부합하여 주거만족도 또한 상승할 것이다.
본 연구는 집단별 1인 가구가 요구하는 주거선호요인을 분석한 것으로 향후 본 연구결과를 참고로 소형주택 공급 시 1인 가구의 집단별 주거선호요인을 반영한 다 양한 유형의 차별화된 소형주택 공급에 필요한 참고자료가 되기를 바란다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 ··································································································1
• 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 ··················································································1
• 1. 연구의 배경········································································································1
• 2. 연구의 목적········································································································2
• 제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 ··················································································2
• 1. 연구의 범위········································································································2
• 2. 연구의 방법········································································································3
• 제2장 1인 가구 및 주거선호도에 관한 이론적 고찰·····························5
• 제1절 1인 가구 ········································································································5
• 1. 1인 가구의 정의·································································································5
• 2. 1인 가구의 주거 유형························································································6
• 제2절 소형주택 및 주거선호도 ············································································9
• 1. 소형주택의 개념과 유형·····················································································9
• 2. 주거선호도의 개념과 결정 요인······································································12
• 제3절 선행연구 고찰 ····························································································14
• 1. 주거선호도 외부 요인에 관한 선행연구··························································14
• 2. 주거선호도 내부 요인에 관한 선행연구··························································17
• 3. 선행연구와의 차별성························································································19
• 제3장 1인 가구의 변화 및 주거 현황 ················································20
• 제1절 1인 가구의 변화 ························································································20
• 1. 전국 1인 가구 현황··························································································20
• 2. 부산시 1인 가구 현황······················································································23
• 제2절 1인 가구의 주거 현황 ··············································································26
• 1. 전국 1인 가구의 주거 현황·············································································26
• 2. 부산시 1인 가구의 주거 현황··········································································33
• 제4장 1인 가구의 주거선호도에 관한 실증분석 ······························38
• 제1절 설문조사 설계 ····························································································38
• 1. 설문조사의 목적·······························································································38
• 2. 설문조사 방법 및 대상선정·············································································38
• 3. 조사기준 설정···································································································38
• 제2절 실증분석 ······································································································43
• 1. 인구통계 및 거주관련 사항 빈도분석·····························································43
• 2. 외부 요인에 대한 선호도별 집단 차이분석····················································57
• 3. 내부 요인에 대한 선호도별 집단 차이분석····················································62
• 제3절 분석결과 요약 및 시사점 ········································································72
• 1. 요약···················································································································72
• 2. 시사점················································································································74
• 제5장 결론 ································································································76
• 참고문헌 ··················································································································79
• Abstract ···················································································································82
• 부록 ··························································································································85