The aim of this study lies in understanding the internal and external environment surrounding fathers during infancy and promoting play-participation with children and friendliness in fathers by identifying the influence of a father's belief concernin...
The aim of this study lies in understanding the internal and external environment surrounding fathers during infancy and promoting play-participation with children and friendliness in fathers by identifying the influence of a father's belief concerning parental role and the mother's role as a gatekeeper on father's play participation with the infant child and friendliness. n order to achieve such goal, following research issues has been established.
First, what is the difference caused by a father's socio-demographical variable on a father's play-participation with an infant and intimacy?
Second, what is the relationship between a father's belief concerning a parental role, the mother's role as a gatekeeper perceived by the father, play-participation with an infant and intimacy?
Third, what is the influence of father's belief concerning a parental role and the mother's role as a gatekeeper perceived by the father on a father's play-participation with an infant?
Fourth, what is the influence of father's belief concerning a parental role and the mother's role as a gatekeeper perceived by the father on intimacy?
The study was conducted among 291 fathers who had infants ranging from 1-36 months years old living in Seoul and South Chungcheong Province. The test tool used a measure of Korean parent role developed and justified by Cho Yoon-jin and Lim In-hye (2016) based on Bonnie and Kelly (1996)'s Beliefs Concerning the Parental Role Scale (BCPR). The gatekeeper role of the mother, perceived by father, was created by Cho Yoon-jin and Lim In-hye (2016) and used the Korean version of the gatekeeper standard developed by Cho Yoon-jin (2017) to for Korean mothers with infants and children. The play participation of the infant children and their fathers was used by the father of the infant among the play participation questionnaire for the infant parents created by Yoon Sang (2011). The intimacy test was measured on the scale of Jeon Hye-young (2018) who selected and used the 'friendliness' subfactor from Han Young-sook (2006) who translated Pianta's Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STS; Lee Jin-sook Translation, 2001) for the use of fathers. The collected data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 program to calculate the internal convergence Cronbach's α coefficients for frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, and reliability verification, as well as Pearson integral correlation and hierarchical regression analysis.
The results of the study can be summarized as following.
First, it was found out that there was a significant difference caused by a father's socio-demographical variable on a father's play-participation with an infant and friendliness as well as difference in the father's work flexibility.
Second, it was found that the mother's role of opening the door as a gatekeeper perceived by the father was found to have a significant positive correlations in a father's play-participation with an infant.
Third, it was found that a father's belief concerning the parental role and the mother's role of opening the door as a gatekeeper perceived by the father to have a significant positive correlations in a father's intimacy with an infant child.
Fourth, it was found that, among the father's belief concerning the parental role, the roles of men and women which reverse-scored, the livelihood supporters-father's belief which reverse-scored as well, and the importance of raising by fathers, along with mother's role of opening the door as a gatekeeper, affect their participation in the play.
Fifth, it was found that the distinguishing of the roles of men and women and, along with the mother's role of opening the door as a gatekeeper, the importance of raising by fathers had significant influence on a father's intimacy with an infant child.
In this study, it was confirmed that the father's belief in equal parental roles and the mother's door opening behavior perceived by father affect the participation and type of play with infant children and affect the formation of intimacy. In addition to the equality of the father's personal parenting beliefs, it was shown that participation in play and the formation of intimacy with the infant children could be positive when the mother also supported and encouraged the father in an open manner. This suggests that individual variables for fathers and mothers need access to multiple aspects and to beings for mutual understanding within the family. To this end, three-dimensional social support should be actively provided, including education for both parents, as well as infant child development and education information.