조선시대 편찬 및 간행 고문헌의 교정기록 분석 = Analysis on Records on Proofreading of Old Documents Compiled and Published in Joseon Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

(Abstract)

This study is to examine proofreading done in the compilation and publication process of the old documents published in the central office and local provinces during the Joseon Dynasty. The proofreading was done in the whole process of publication from the writing to the entire completion of the publication,and it was an important part of the publication which even equals to the entire publishing process.

Gyoseogwan(校書館) and Joojaso(鑄字所), the central printing offices in the Joseon Dynasty, were responsible for publishing and distributing various kinds of books necessary to reform and govern the public to the local provinces. They handled the Chinese philosophy books, the Seven Chinese Classics the Four Books and the Three Classics, collection of literary works by the noted figures, medical books, foreign-language books, astronomical books, legal books, geological books and those for the state operation as well. Those books were published under the name of the king, so proofreading was done by Confucian scholars. However, with many errors like typing and spell errors noticed in the final book, the reward and penalty system was in place in the printing process of Daejeonhusoklok(大典後續錄) to ensure the perfection of the final document.
Depending on the nature of the books to be published, the professionals of the
area did proofreading. Generally, scholars were in charge of proofreading as for the Confucian books, but professionals of the area did this job as for the books on medicine, foreign language and Buddhism. As an exception, monks and even scholars were involved in compilation and proofreading regarding the Buddhism scriptures published by the Buddhism book printing office Gangyeongdogam(刊經都監).

In regard to the private collections published in local provinces, the descendants took the lead of the publication. Notably, as for the collection written by the noted figures, the proofreaders were local scholars and their disciples. Since the subject of the publication was not the author but the descendants, the views of the proofreaders were reflected in the document compilation. The proofreaders decided on the final documents after thorough historical research, review and consultation during which controversy and confrontation often arose among them.

The documents to be published were finalized after undergoing the repeated transcription and proofreading. When the draft was first made, proofreaders marked the red but mostly added short sentences to show the changes made to the draft. This is not just because there was a limit to expressing the changes by the sign, but also because proofreading was done to confirm the changes made by the previous proofreaders and add the opinions. Any unclear part was marked with ‘suspicious(疑)’ or ‘probably(恐)’ to give rooms for other proofreaders to think about it. Sometimes, other references were cited in the process.

If printed on a wood plate, it was necessary to write the document again to make the frame paper for the printing, put it on the wood plate, and then print it. At this time, the frame paper is checked again, and the errors in the process of engraving on the plate were corrected through the test print 9). Errors mostly arouse from character strokes and another common type of error was awkward characters. A large area had to be cut off from the wood plate for printing when cutting out the typo, inserting a new wood for re-engraving, or modifying multiple lines. If this was not enough, the plate had to be completely re-engraved.

The movable type printing was impossible to make corrections for character strokes because this type of technique uses the blocks of characters that had been already carved. Meanwhile, typesetting was another subject of correction. Typesetting is a very tricky task that should consider various factors like the height of the letters and spacing between the letters so that the letters do not tilt. Typesetting was led by the typographer and its proofreading was also done through the test print. Because the height of the letter used in the Joseon Dynasty was inconsistent, the errors mostly occurred from horizontal alignment of the letters and space correction between letters and the tilted parts.

The penalty on proofreaders was applicable to the supervisor and printing experts for Daejeonhusoklok. Prior to the publication of this book, those in charge had been blamed for their poor printing works, leading to the creation of the penalty. Meanwhile, after the publication project, the central government granted rewards to those involved in it.

If the errors were noticed after the book was published, the correction was made to the print in itself or the revisions to be made were summarized separately and attached to the end of the book. The wood plate version was printed on a separate plate and added to the end of the paper. Around the 19th century when the movable tin type was used, something like the errata sheet was added to the end of the book.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 緖 論 1
• 1. 연구의 목적 1
• 2. 연구의 방법과 한계 4
• 1) 연구의 방법 4
• 2) 연구의 한계 5
• 3. 선행연구의 개요 6
• Ⅱ. 교정의 역사와 의의 10
• 1. 교정의 역사 10
• 2. 高麗時代 校正 15
• 1) 初雕大藏經의 校勘 15
• 2) 再雕大藏經의 校勘 17
• 3) 敎藏의 校勘 18
• Ⅲ. 원고의 교정 22
• 1. 교정자 22
• 1) 儒家書 24
• 2) 醫學書 29
• 3) 譯學書 34
• 4) 佛家書 37
• 5) 中國本 44
• 2. 중앙관서 간행물의 교정 46
• 1) 朱子大全 48
• 2) 新增類合 51
• 3) 續蒙求分註 59
• 4) 吳澐의 圃隱集 교정 61
• 3. 지방 간행물의 원고교정 66
• 1) 大山集 69
• 2) 南冥集 75
• 4. 원고의 교정 표기방법 81
• 1) 竹集 82
• 2) 水月逸稿 89
• 3) 書寫 校正 92
• Ⅳ. 인쇄의 교정 96
• 1. 목판인쇄 교정 96
• 1) 校正刷 96
• 2) 책판의 교정 99
• 3) 목판본의 교정 사례 108
• (1) 五倫行實圖 108
• (2) 訥齋集 119
• 2. 활자인쇄 교정 141
• 1) 활자의 주조와 조판 141
• (1) 금속활자의 조판 142
• (2) 활자인쇄 장인 146
• 2) 교정쇄와 교정 부호 152
• 3) 활자본의 교정사례 160
• (1) 周易傳義大全 160
• (2) 商谷集 171
• (3) 오대산 사고본 실록 175
• 3. 교정 관련 상벌 규정 182
• 1) 벌칙 182
• 2) 포상 188
• Ⅴ. 完成本의 校正 200
• 1. 洗補 200
• 2. 교정 내용의 권말 첨부 209
• 1) 목판본 교정 209
• 2) 활자본 교정 215
• Ⅵ. 요약 및 결론 220
• 참고문헌 223
• 영문초록 226

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