Learning English is a difficult task in an EFL setting such as South Korea. In the EFL context, English learning must be viewed from a long-term perspective, and it is crucial that demotivational factors are analyzed so that a high level of motivation...
Learning English is a difficult task in an EFL setting such as South Korea. In the EFL context, English learning must be viewed from a long-term perspective, and it is crucial that demotivational factors are analyzed so that a high level of motivation is maintained in learners throughout the educational curriculum. This study aimed to analyze English learning demotivational factors in primary school students who have just begun learning English in a public education system, and thus enhance the future primary English curriculum. The analysis was carried out on motivational and demotivational factors in English learning in Korea, focusing on the regional differences between urban and rural areas.
The research questions were as follows: (1) What are the main motivational and demotivational factors in Korean primary school English learners? (2) How do motivational and demotivational factors differ between school years? (3) How do motivational and demotivational factors differ between urban and rural areas? To answer these questions, a mixed methods study was performed in which quantitative data from a survey and qualitative data from an interview were analyzed. The survey addressed 540 students in their third to sixth years from three primary schools in Seoul, a metropolitan city, and three primary schools in Gochang county of Jeollabuk-do, an agricultural district. A total of 12 carefully selected students from the six schools participated in the in-depth interview.
The results from the analysis can be summarized as follows: First, the main motivational factors in Korean primary school English learners were intrinsic motivation and ideal L2 self, while the main demotivational factors were negative attitude toward English learner groups, inappropriate learning environment, and lack of self-confidence. Thus, with a well designed strategy for eliminating these demotivational factors, English learners in Korean primary schools could proceed to acquire a high level of motivation. Second, although a statistically significant difference was not found in the survey results of the students in different school years, a meaningful difference was found in the interview results showing that the students in the 6th year had considerably higher pressure and anxiety towards English learning when they move on to middle school. Third, the comparison of analysis results between Seoul, the urban area, and Gochang county, the rural area, displayed a clear difference in the demotivational factors, while the two motivational factors of intrinsic motivation and ideal L2 self remained the same. In Seoul, the learners' negative attitude towards English learner groups and inappropriateness of learning environment were more influential on the students' motivation; however, in Gochang county, inappropriateness of learning environment showed greater influence over the students' motivation than the negative perception of learner groups or of course materials. The overall motivational level was higher in students from schools in Seoul, but it was mostly due to high level of extrinsic motivation rather than intrinsic, implying the importance of learning environment.
The present study highlights the problems and factors that demotivate Korean primary school English learners, and suggests how to eliminate these factors so that the future primary English curriculum can be enhanced. Ways to maximize the level of motivation in students in an EFL class can be found when individual teachers and the society work together. The enhanced curriculum would actively provide the students with the opportunity to regain the motivation they may once have lost.