Rapid urbanization in the country`s industrialization and urbanization created problems such as imbalance in the late 1990s, urban aging, urban urbanization and urbanization. And, In the 2000s, readjustment projects were carried out as readjustment pr...
Rapid urbanization in the country`s industrialization and urbanization created problems such as imbalance in the late 1990s, urban aging, urban urbanization and urbanization. And, In the 2000s, readjustment projects were carried out as readjustment projects such as readjustment of urban and residential readjustment projects and readjustment projects. Although the physical environment of the public space inside the city has been improved considerably through the uniform maintenance work, the public space is not managed more than the improved environment. In order to overcome these limitations, a new 'Urban Design Management' system has been required, which is in line with the paradigm of the urban regeneration age and the private sector as the main body, which continuously maintains, manages and operates the public space of the city. In this context, this study analyzes the management according to the characteristics of the public space according to the types of public space through the New York Plaza Program (NYC Plaza Program), a public space management program run by New York City, It wanted to draw implications that could be reflected.
As a theoretical consideration for the above purpose, Chapter 2 examines the transition of urban design in the United States and the necessity of introduction of urban design management method through the study of the concept of urban design management and characteristics of advanced case. Urban Design Management is a project that aims to provide a comprehensive plan for urban design management, focusing on three elements such as 'operating organization' for setting a specific area and managing the area, 'financing' for operating the organization, 'program' for operation and management of the products. BID (Business Improvement District), AM (Area Management), and TCM (Town Center Management) in the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Although there are a lot of resident councils centering on merchant organizations in Korea, most of them are composed mainly of tenants. Therefore, we concluded that a new management system is needed to link various organizations, administrations, private companies, and government officials together, such as overseas city design management.
In Section 3, we explain the overview of the New York Plaza, the characteristics of each step in the operational process, and examples of operations. In addition, the 'operating organization', 'funding plan', 'function program', and the content of the New York Plaza program.
The operation procedure of the New York Plaza program is composed of four steps. First, the 'application stage' which is centered on the application of a nonprofit organization located in New York City. Second, The 'planning stage' which is centered on the coordination of plaza's plans with local nonprofit organizations, the New York City Department of Transportation and the New York City Department of Design and Construction. Third, 'construction stage', which is centered on building a plaza using the financial resources of the public sector, New York City. Forth, 'management stage' which is centered on the non-profit organization applying for the plaza at the application stage is directly managed. In addition, the New York Plaza program from the viewpoint of urban design management can be managed in various managements based on the characteristics of each plaza, such as 'operating organization', 'funding plan', and 'function program'. As a result, the New York Plaza program has been utilized as a flexible management program that minimizes the problems of cooperation and operation in the private sector through role sharing based on the activation of the surrounding community through management of the public space through the urban design management method. .
In Section 4, we classify types according to the characteristics of the plazas constructed through the New York Plaza Program as a main study and then establish the framework of analysis through the elements derived from the previous and the second sections, The characteristics were analyzed. In order to classify the types of plazas according to their mental characteristics, we used the MapPluto, a GIS document provided by the New York City Department of Urban Planning, to extract the area of each item of land use plan with a radius of 0.5mile around the plaza. Using the statistical cluster analysis, the extracted ratio analysis values were classified into five types: 'mixed residential type', 'commercial mixed type', 'residential district type', 'commercial centered type', and 'open space centered type'. We analyzed the derived types from three perspectives such as 'organization of operating organization', 'financing plan', and 'functional program'. As a result, it is believed that the financial stability of the BID operating organization, profitable business in connection with the events taking place in the BID district, and high income around the plaza are leading to the stable and constant management of the plazas. It is difficult to manage plazas due to the lack of operating organization's budget, the small floating population, and the small size of plazas in the densely populated areas. In order to compensate this, the OneNYC Plaza Equity Program Of the total. In the place where open spaces are centered, it is considered to manage the plaza as an extension of the surrounding open space management and to maintain the management as an open space for the surrounding residents.
Finally, analyzing the characteristics of management by type of New York Plaza program as a city design management method, we could derive applicable implications when introducing public space management method in Korea, and summarizing the following two suggestions.
First, there is a limit to the unilateral management of the public space by the public sector in Korea. As seen in the New York Plaza program, it is necessary to shift from the idea that the public sector should be managed by the public sector, and to recognize that the public space should be continuously activated. In particular, as in the case of New York City's unique urban design management method of managing public spaces by utilizing non-profit organizations in the private sector, which are currently active in New York City, local governments in Korea are using their own management methods It is necessary to establish an institutional basis. In this case, it suggests that public and cooperative management should be carried out by granting authority to the private sector to revitalize the surrounding area including the local subjects and the public space rather than the public-led management.
Second, in the case of Korea, the urban regeneration project and the town development project are being pursued in accordance with the uniform manual of the public sector. Urban regeneration projects and town development projects are divided into types, but this is only a formal type, and there are more cases of failure in actual business. Therefore, public space management through public-private partnership should be pursued rather than a uniform public space maintenance and management method. In this case, considering the individual characteristics of each public space, the management of public and private cooperative management should be carried out in accordance with the characteristics of each public space through introduction of operating organization, funding plan, and functional program through clear analysis of characteristics of surrounding districts giving implications.