Despite its astonishing economic growth and advancement of democracy that match those of advanced nations, South Korea is still classified as a double-risk society, repeatedly exposed to the disasters that typically occur in developing countries. Its ...
Despite its astonishing economic growth and advancement of democracy that match those of advanced nations, South Korea is still classified as a double-risk society, repeatedly exposed to the disasters that typically occur in developing countries. Its citizens rely more heavily on the disaster response system developed and run by the government and rescue organizations, but the government finds it increasingly difficult to respond to emergencies in a systematic manner. The citizens are more and more indignant at the incompetence of the government, as plainly witnessed in the tragedy of the Sewol and the outbreak of MERS, leading to the widespread awareness that the government does not ensure the safety of the citizens.
To address the issues of the modern society classed as the 'risk society', a social consensus is needed, not to mention the collaborative network, built not solely by the government but between the government, financial sector and civic society based on the mutual agreement on disaster management. While efforts by the civic society to do away with the blatant disregard of the public is important, it is equally crucial for the local communities and the nation to monitor any elements of danger and ensure safety.
The assumption of this study is that i) the role of the civic society is critical in responding to the risks posed in the modern society and managing the disasters; ii) the governance of disaster management is based on social capital; and iii) the civic education can be an important parameter, regarding citizenship and awareness of the risk society as the major factor. To examine the effect of disaster and safety education program on citizenship and social capital, an online survey was conducted on persons who completed the disaster and safety education program provided by the Korean Red Cross.
According to the survey, the respondents were more apprehensive about traffic accidents, saying that they do not feel safe in general. It was also found that they were highly skeptical of the government's disaster management competence. On the other hand, they felt positively about citizen participation, development of the appropriate governance and willingness to take part in citizen activities.
In terms of the relations between disaster and safety education, citizenship and social capital, it can be said that disaster/safety education affects the awareness of the need for governance and willingness to participate in citizen activities, while the same cannot be said for citizenship and social capital. The willingness to take part in citizen activities in particular turned out to affect the public awareness related to participation - one the factors under social capital. While no mediation was revealed in relation to citizenship and awareness of risk society, partial association was found with the factors under social capital.
While it can be said that disaster and safety education positively affects the awareness on the participation by civic society and development of governance, its association with the awareness on citizenship and social capital is rather weak. These findings provide useful directions for the civic education programs can take for the future. In conclusion, it is crucial for the relevant programs to be developed in a way that they address disaster response and changes in the awareness of disaster management and safety, in order to help raise the public awareness in the long term.