노인일자리 사업이 참여자의 생성감과 자아통합감에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 = (A) study on the effects of the project for creating job opportunities for the elderly on the participants' generativity and ego integrity

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of generativity and ego integrity of the participants of the project for creating job opportunities for the elderly and to provide useful suggestions for the further progression of the project.
The data came from a questionnaire survey among 800 elderly people from 25 Senior Welfare Center in Seoul. 400 of them have been participated in the project ("participants") and another 400 not ("non-participants"). Total 624 samples were collected and analyzed.
The main findings are as follows:
(1) The comparison between the participants and the non-participants revealed that following factors are statistically significant: sex, education, self-rated health status, economic status measured by monthly household income and monthly allowance.
(2) Both generativity and ego integrity of the participants were higher than those of the non-participants.
(3) Generativity was highest among the participants in the educational type of participation. The most frequently answered motivation for the participation was "health maintenance". Generativity was higher for those who were more educated, had spouse, and were more healthy and more wealthy.
(4) Ego integrity was higher for those who have participated in the educational type, were motivated by "social meaning", were more satisfied with the project, and were more healthy and more wealthy.
(5) With regard to the satisfaction of the project participants, the majority of the people were willing to participate in the further projects. However, they were not satisfied with the income they gained from the project. Less educated participants' satisfaction was lower. The satisfaction was highest for those who participated in the project during between 36 and 60 months.
Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the mediated effects of participants' generativity. The analysis revealed that generativity, a mediating variable, effects ego integrity while type of participation dose not effect on ego integrity.
Based on the survey analysis the following suggestions are made to promote the Project for Creating Job Opportunities for the Elderly.
(1) The study showed that educational type of the project has a strong influence on the generativity. Considering this finding, the project appears to need renaming in order to stress the social contributing characters of the project. Following the American concept of Civic Engagement, we could call it "Senior Engagement" or "Elderly for the Community" and "Elderly With Us".
(2) As the study showed that the project in general has a strong influence on the generativity, the criteria of the project evaluation need to be extended beyond quantitative evaluation. For the purpose of evaluation, we could, for example, include such question as how much social contribution were made by the project.
(3) The Project for Creating Job Opportunities for the Elderly could lead to a higher life satisfaction of the participants, save the social costs and contribute to creating a happier society. The project contributes to the generativity of the participants and provides minimum means for their economic lives. Considering this, it is highly recommended to extend the scope of the project.
(4) The study showed that the degree of satisfaction decreases after 60 months. Considering this, there arises the need to explore the ways to maintain the satisfaction of the long-term participants. In the case of educational type we can introduce a graded payment system depending on the duration of the participation and other compensatory methods such as education to benefit the long-term participants.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 문제제기 1
• 2. 연구의 필요성과 목적 4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 및 선행연구 6
• 1. 노인일자리 사업 6
• 1) 노인일자리 사업의 개요 6
• 2) 노인일자리 사업 체계와 사업변화 9
• 3) 노인일자리 사업의 성과, 쟁점 및 과제 16
• 2. 성인기 발달이론 20
• 1) Erikson의 성인기 발달이론 21
• 2) 생성감 24
• 3) 자아통합감 25
• 4) 노년기의 생성감 및 자아통합감 27
• 3. 선행연구 고찰 30
• 1) 노인일자리 사업에 관한 선행연구 30
• 2) 노인일자리 사업과 생성감 및 자아통합감에 관한 선행연구 36
• Ⅲ. 연구 내용 및 방법 46
• 1. 연구내용 46
• 2. 연구모형과 가설 47
• 3. 변수의 정의 및 측정도구 49
• 1) 독립변수 49
• 2) 통제변수 50
• 3) 매개변수: 생성감 51
• 4) 종속변수: 자아통합감 52
• 5) 설문지의 구성 53
• 6) 요인분석 54
• 7) 척도의 신뢰도 57
• 4. 분석방법 및 자료수집 방법 58
• 1) 분석방법 58
• 2) 자료수집 방법 59
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 62
• 1. 연구대상자의 인구사회학적 특성 62
• 2. 연구대상자의 생성감과 자아통합감 67
• 1) 노인일자리 사업 참여여부에 따른 생성감 차이 67
• 2) 노인일자리 사업 참여 여부에 따른 자아통합감 차이 68
• 3. 노인일자리 사업 참여노인의 특성 69
• 1) 노인일자리 사업 참여 특성 69
• 2) 노인일자리 사업 참여만족 72
• 4. 노인일자리 사업 참여노인의 생성감 78
• 1) 노인일자리사업 참여노인의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 생성감 차이 78
• 2) 노인일자리 사업 참여특성에 따른 생성감 차이 79
• 3) 노인일자리 사업 참여만족에 따른 생성감 차이 82
• 5. 노인일자리 사업 참여노인의 자아통합감 82
• 1) 노인일자리사업 참여노인의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 자아통합감 차이 82
• 2) 노인일자리 사업 참여특성에 따른 자아통합감 차이 84
• 3) 노인일자리 사업 참여만족에 따른 자아통합감 차이 86
• 6. 주요변수와 자아통함감과의 상관관계 87
• 7. 생성감의 매개효과에 관한 분석 89
• 1) 1단계분석(일자리 참여특성이 자아통합감에 미치는 영향) 90
• 2) 2단계분석(일자리 참여특성이 생성감에 미치는 영향) 92
• 3) 3단계분석(일자리 참여특성, 생성감이 자아통합감에 미치는 영향) 94
• Ⅴ. 결론 98
• 1. 연구결과 요약 98
• 2. 논의 103
• 3. 연구의 제한점 및 제언 109
• 1) 연구의 제한점 109
• 2) 후속연구를 위한 제언 110
• 참고문헌 111
• 부록 1. 설문지 126
• Abstract 134