Commit suicide is one of the current serious social issues in elderlies in Korea. As a major measure of resolving the elderly suicide issue, the academia has conducted various studies on suicidal ideation of elderlies. This is because the intervention...
Commit suicide is one of the current serious social issues in elderlies in Korea. As a major measure of resolving the elderly suicide issue, the academia has conducted various studies on suicidal ideation of elderlies. This is because the intervention on a high risk group of elderly suicide is effective when starting from the management of suicidal ideation, which is a predisposing factor before the suicidal commitment. There are a number of various factors for suicidal ideation but this study mainly concerns about the income of the elderly. Previous studies on the relationship between income and suicidal ideation of elderlies, which showed only unilateral relations between them, indicated that multi mediating effects between related factors, in particular, causal relationships among physical health, depression, and social capitals shall be identified specifically to clearly understand the indirect effect of physical health, depression, and social capitals in relation with the relationship between income and suicidal ideation. Based on the above suggested awareness of the issue, this study verified multiple mediating effects of physical health, depression, and social capitals on the relationship between income and suicidal ideation of the elderly. To achieve this objective, this study analyzed the structural equation model with the help of statistical package A-MOS ver.17.0 using data of 532 elderlies over 65 years old who live in Jeollanam-do, Korea as well as basic statistics, reliability, correlation, and regression (tolerance and variance inflation factor) with the help of SPSS ver. 18.0. The main study results were as follows.
First, a level of income had a significant effect on suicidal ideation via depression. Second, a level of income had a significant effect on suicidal ideation via social capitals. Third, a level of income had a significant effect on suicidal ideation via physical health and depression. Fourth, a level of income had a significant effect on suicidal ideation via social capitals and depression. Fifth, a level of income had a significant effect on suicidal ideation via social capitals, physical health, and depression. Based on the above study results, the following recommendations have been made in this study.
With respect to the practical consensus to be made, first, proactive linkage and intervention shall be conducted between health care centers and elderly-related project performing organizations and within elderly-related project performing organizations to facilitate systematic follow-up for high risk suicidal group of the elderly with depression. Second, the development and operation of programs that can improve standards of trust and mutual benefits are necessary in the social welfare practice and field. Third, healthcare institutions in local communities shall provide diagnosis programs to detect depression and suicidal ideation of elderlies along with medical examination while a referral system shall be developed so that the high suicidal risk group of elderlies with high depression can be referred to elderly-related project performing organizations in local communities. Fourth, exchange and communication between members in a network shall be activated to expand the social capitals for the high suicidal risk group of elderlies with high depression. Fifth, it is necessary to promote Gate-Keepers who identify, report, and monitor the high suicidal risk group of elderlies with high depression and vulnerable physical health. Next, with regard to the policy consensus, first, the development of estimation models of suicidal ideation via various factors and systematic manuals of practical strategies are required.
Second, a basic income security shall be introduced for elderly income assistance policies and a right of receiving the payment through the National Basic Livelihood Security Act shall be eligible for low income elderlies based on the criteria that “children of elderlies provide practical financial assistance for elderlies”. Third, a network between elderly-related project performing organizations shall be developed based on mental health centers or elderly suicide prevention centers along with provision of legislations for cooperative systems between organizations. Fourth, financial assistance shall be extended to elderly-related project performing organizations that manage the high suicidal risk group of elderlies by utilizing service investment projects in local communities. Fifth, an “Ordinance for Expansion of Social Capitals” and social capital support centers shall be established.
Finally, the following future studies are recommended. First, suicidal ideation of elderlies shall be estimated through variables such as total assets, household consumption, and household debts that may represent the economic circumstances. Second, a study in consideration of a variety of psychological and social factors shall be conducted to understand a rich context of relationships between income and suicidal ideation. Third, it is necessary to verify the stress-suicidal ideation process model based on the “Social Causation Hypothesis” and “Health Selection Hypothesis” according to age groups or income classes.
Upon the realization of the above recommendations, it is expected to reduce a suicide rate committed by elderlies ultimately through the above-mentioned practical and policy-based supports for the high suicidal risk group of elderlies systematically.