In modern society, history education puts importance on teaching how to select, analyze, and criticize information. Compared to the past, history education is not limited to only disseminate knowledge. Inquiry activities are an alternative to the past...
In modern society, history education puts importance on teaching how to select, analyze, and criticize information. Compared to the past, history education is not limited to only disseminate knowledge. Inquiry activities are an alternative to the past history education. They are considered as the way to develop students’ historical thinking ability. Past studies focused on finding errors, checking whether inquiry activities are adequate or not, and suggesting the solution.
These studies have limits in that they lack depth and the range of research objects are narrow. They are also not based on actual cases. Therefore, this study focused on comparing inquiry activities in junior and senior high school. It aims to check the sequence of history education in each of these schools. Sequence is raising or diversifying the level of learning contents when students advance to the next level based on what they have learned so far. It is important to verify that current textbooks for junior/senior high schools contain inquiry activities in sequence.
This study set criteria of analysis and evaluated inquiry activities in history textbooks using them. The result is as follows. Comparing inquiry activities of junior and senior high school, it was found that historical materials used in inquiry activities improved. However, a close look at the activities reveals some problems. In comparison with junior high school textbooks, questioning of inquiry activities in high school textbooks rely too much on knowledge. The subject is also focused too much on political history. Inquiry processes that enhance various thinking ability gradually diminished. It means inquiry activities in high school textbooks depend too much on delivering knowledge. Moreover, the case of using the same historical materials has turned up. Some inquiry processes and questionings were also similar.
Considering it is important to take learning levels into account and organize learning materials accordingly, it is a problem that the level of contents remained similar or even went down. In short, we can say that conveying true meaning and objective of history education is inadequate even though the number of inquiry activities increased in history textbooks. To tackle this problem, it is important to teach how to understand historical materials in junior high school and then make the process of analyzing and discussing about them in high school. This teaching-learning method can overcome the limit of the past history education that rely too much on knowledge, achieving primary objective of inquiry activities.