For gene therapy, non-viral gene delivery methods have been widely investigated to overcome viral gene delivery-associated problems despite its low transfection efficiencies. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency and safety of non-viral gene tran...
For gene therapy, non-viral gene delivery methods have been widely investigated to overcome viral gene delivery-associated problems despite its low transfection efficiencies. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency and safety of non-viral gene transfection methods using cation-based chemical reagents and electroporations by in vitro and in vivo experiments in corporal smooth muscle cells. To investigate the transfection efficiency and viability of cation-based chemical transfection methods, we used Lipofectamine® LTX & Plus™ reagent and X-tremeGENE HP reagent in human corporal smooth muscle (hCSM) cells. The experiments were also done in HEK 293 (a human embryonic kidney cell line) and A7r5 (a rat vascular smooth muscle cell line) as controls. To evaluate electroporation method, we used Neon™ Transfection System under various electrical conditions in hCSM cells. A plasmid vector, pIRES2-EGFP that encodes enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was used. The transfection efficiency was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The viability of the transfected cells was determined by MTT assay. After determination of optimal transfection method, in vivo experiments were performed. A cationic chemical reagent, in vivo-JetPEI® and a plasmid vector, pGL3-Luc that contains the firefly luciferase reporter gene were used in rat. Rats were divided into three groups: control, pGL3-Luc, pGL3-Luc/in vivo-JetPEI®. After 2 days of injection, gene expression was monitored using by bioluminescence imaging and the activity of luciferase was measured quantitatively. The transfection efficiency with Lipofectamine® LTX & Plus™ was 60.3±3.1%, 17.9±4.4%, and 33.4±4.5% in HEK 293, A7r5, and hCSM cell, respectively. The transfection efficiency with X-tremeGENE HP was 52.6±9.7%, 28.2±4.8%, and 11.4±4.1% in HEK 293, A7r5, and hCSM cell, respectively. The viabilities of A7r5 and hCSM cells in both cation-based chemical reagent groups were above 90%. With the electroporation method, primary hCSM exhibited a high transfection efficiency (73.3%) in optimized conditions (1400 v, 20 ms, 2 pulse), but the cell viability was lower than 55% in all electrical settings. In experiments with rats, the luciferase activity in pGL3-Luc/in vivo-JetPEI® complex group was significantly higher than pGL3 alone group (22,354 vs. 794.07 RLU/mg protein). Our results indicate that the gene transfection using cation-based chemical reagent is more optimal than electroporation method which is highly toxic in corporal smooth muscle cells. These data may be helpful for studies to evaluate candidate genes for the management of ED.