고종시기 외국인 고문의 동향 : 메릴과 데니의 활동을 중심으로 = (The) trend of foreign advisors in the Gojong Era : Focused on H. F. Merrill & O. N. Denny’s activity

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since 'Chosun and Qing Dynasty Merchant's Land and Marine Trade Regulations' was signed between Chosun Dynasty and Qing Dynasty after the Im-O Military Revolt in 1882, political and economical interferences by Qing Dynasty over Chosun has got severe.
Qing dispatched foreign advisors in various fields including diplomacy and finance and granted on them authorities for enhancement of Qing's suzerainty over Chosun. Inspector General of Customs, H. F. Merrill and O. N. Denny, successors to Paul Georg von Möllendorff, were engaged as advisors for Chosun Dynasty by the recommendation of Qing about the same time, and they were dispatched to Chosun for the purpose of enhancement of　Qing's suzerainty over a dependency. Under the situation that all of King Gojong's close associates were removed in the conclusion process of a secret agreement between Chosun and Russia, King Gojong tried to revive Chosun by the help of H. F. Merrill and O. N. Denny who were relatively free from pressure from Qing Dynasty. He tried to recover independence and sovereignty of Chosun through various diplomatic measures despite Western powers who were trying to occupy Chosun and intense competition between Qing and Japan. He used to carry out some activities confidentially to make loan negotiations through his close associates and officials of the Department of the Interior.
H. F. Merrill and O. N. Denny became to object to Qing's dogmatic demand for suzerainty and tried to establish sovereignty of Chosun in accordance with the intention of the Chosun Dynasty. H. F. Merrill tried to increase tariff at the maritime customs for the purpose of financial independence through debt redemption to Qing and actively participated in loan negotiations with other countries.
O. N. Denny carried out autonomous diplomacy activities by dispatching diplomatic ministers to various foreign countries and tried to make Korea to be acknowledged in the international society as an independent and sovereign nation and to escape from political control by Qing. Also, he took the initiative in protecting the economical sovereignty of Chosun with the help of opening of the Pyeongyang market, development of coal mines and procurement of loans from overseas countries.
So far, King Gojong has been evaluated as an incompetent king in our awareness. Though, in fact, he was at the center of movements for protection of national sovereignty against Qing Dynasty along with close associates in the Department of the Interior and Foreign Advisor, O. N. Denny and Inspector General of Customs, H. F. Merrill. It was found that King Gojong was a reformative king who kept trying to construct a new society along with Foreign Advisor H. F. Merrill and O. N. Denny, and it is expected that there would be a new evaluation on King Gojong for the time to come.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• Ⅱ. 임오군란 이후 조선과 청의 관계 3
• 1. 조선과 청의 정치 경제적 관계 3
• 2. 외국인 고문의 고빙 5
• Ⅲ. 조선 총세무사 메릴의 재정 확보 노력 8
• 1. 메릴의 고빙과 활약 8
• 2. 메릴의 한계 17
• Ⅳ. 외교 고문 데니의 경제 외교적 활약 19
• 1. 데니의 고빙 19
• 2. 데니의 활약 22
• 3. 데니가 반청 성향 인물이 된 이유와 한계 30
• Ⅴ. 결 론 33