個人과 팀의 特性이 創意性 發現에 미치는 影響에 관한 實證硏究 : 生理的 實驗과 서베이 方法을 中心으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

조직의 생존과 성장에 있어 중요한 요소인 창의성은 많은 연구자들에 의해 다양하게 연구되어 왔다. 본 연구는 이러한 창의성에 대해서 개인 수준 및 팀 수준에서 각각 창의성 발현을 극대화하기 위한 여러 가지 요소들과의 관련성을 연구 하였다.이를 위해 먼저 아이트래커 장비를 활용한 실험실 연구를 통하여 개인들의 시선 운동을 추적하고 개인 창의성에 대한 전문가 평가를 활용하여 개인의 인지욕구 및 인지부하가 창의성 발현에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증을 하였다. 그리고 개인들이 가진 내재적 속성과 관계적 속성을 중심으로 이것이 창의성 발현 과정을 거쳐 어떻게 개인 창의성에 영향을 미칠 수 있는지를 살펴보았다.
이와 같이 개인 창의성에 대해서 고찰 한 후, 팀 차원에서의 창의성을 탐색하기 위하여 대부분의 팀에서 이용되고 있는 정보기술에 대한 활용정도와 지원정도가 어떻게 팀 창의성에 영향을 미치는지를 규명하였다. 또한 개인 수준에서의 속성과 팀 수준에서의 속성을 고려한 개인 창의성 극대화를 가능하게 하는 효과적인 전략을 제시하기 위하여, 팀 수준에서의 정보기술의 지원정도가 개인의 창의성 발현에 미치는 영향에 대해 개인 수준에서의 자기확신 및 인지욕구 관점에서 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 중요한 연구결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 개인의 창의성은 인지부하를 덜 느끼는 상황에서 더 높게 나타났다. 또 개인의 인지욕구가 높을 때 역시 창의성이 높게 나타났는데 인지욕구가 높은 사람이 서로 다른 소구점을 가진 이질적인 자극에 접하게 되면 응시시간 및 최초응시지속시간이 길어진다는 것이 아이트래킹 실험을 통해 검증되었다. 결국 창의성은 높은 인지욕구를 가진 사람이 인지부하가 낮은 환경에서 가장 높게 발현된다는 것을 알 수 있었다.
둘째, 개인의 내재적 요인 중 감성강도는 창의적 과정 중 활용에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤고 인지욕구는 탐색에 영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 관계적 속성 중 구조적 공백이 커지면 활용을 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났으며 사이 중앙성은 활용과 탐색 모두에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.
셋째, 조직 내 정보기술의 활용정도는 팀 창의성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만 단순히 이를 지원해 주는 정도는 팀 창의성과 관련이 없었다. 그리고 팀 특성은 정보기술 활용정도 및 지원정도와 팀 창의성 사이에서 조절 효과를 가진다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 하지만 환경 불확실성은 정보기술 활용정도와 팀 창의성 사이에서만 조절효과를 가지며 직급 다양성은 정보기술 지원정도와 팀 창의성 사이에서 조절효과를 가진다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
넷째, 개인 수준에서의 자기확신과 인지욕구는 개인 창의성에 유의미한 영향을 주고 있음을 확인하였고 팀 수준에서의 정보기술 지원정도 역시 개인 창의성에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 이러한 정보기술 지원정도는 인지욕구와 개인 창의성 간의 관계에서 그 둘 간의 관계를 약화시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Creativity, which is the important factor for survival and growth of organization, has been studied by many researchers in various methods. This research has studied the relationship among many factors for maximizing the creativity revelation at individual level and team level respectively.
For this, first, I followed participants’s eye movement by using eye-tracking instrument. Thereby, the empirical analysis has been done on the effect of need for cognition(NFC) and cognitive load on the creativity revelation by using the expert's evaluation about individual creativity. And I have studied how internal and relational attributes affects individual creativity through the process of creativity revelation.
After the research on individual creativity, to explore the meaning of creativity at team level, I have investigated how the usage and the support of IT affects team creativity and lastly, to provide the effective strategy which enables individual creativity maximization by considering the characteristics at individual and team level, I have studied in the effect of the IT support at team level on individual creativity in the view of self-confidence and NFC at individual level.
The result of the research is as follows. Firstly, individual creativity has turned out to be higher in the situation with less cognitive load. In addition, the greater NFC, creativity appeared to be higher. It has been proved that fixation length and first fixation duration becomes longer when the person who has high NFC meets heterogeneous stimulus that has different appeal. Therefore, I could conclude that creativity is most highly emerged when the person with high NFC faces with the situation with low cognitive load.
Secondly, among the personal internal factors, affective intensity had the positive effect on exploitation in the creative processes and NFC had the impact on exploration. And among relational attributes, it turned out to be that more exploitation takes place as the structural holes becomes bigger and betweenness centrality positively affects both exploitation and exploration.
Thirdly, the IT usage in the organization positively effects team creativity but simple supporting did not have much impact on team creativity. And it has been all proved that team attributes has the moderating effect between usage and support of IT, and that perceived environmental uncertainty has the moderating effect only between IT usage and team creativity, and that position diversity has the moderating effect between IT support and team creativity.
Lastly, I have found that self-confidence and need for cognition at individual level gives the significant effect on individual creativity and that IT support also had the significant effect on individual creativity. And I have learned that IT support weakens the relationship between NFC and individual creativity.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서 론 1
• 제1절 연구배경 및 목적 1
• 제2절 논문의 구성 3
• 제2장 감성-이성 자극의 불일치가 초래하는 인지부하와 개인의 인지욕구가 창의성 발현에 미치는 영향: 아이트래킹 접근법을 중심으로 5
• 제1절 서 론 5
• 제2절 기존문헌 연구 7
• 1. 창의성 7
• 2. 인지부하 8
• 3. 인지욕구 10
• 4. 심리생리학적 측정 : 아이트래킹 관련 연구 12
• 5. 광고 메시지 및 멀티미디어의 원칙 15
• 제3절 연구방법 17
• 1. 실험자료의 개발 19
• 2. 연구설계 28
• 제4절 연구 I : 인지부하와 개인의 인지욕구가 창의성 발현에 미치는 영향 32
• 1. 연구방법 32
• 2. 연구 I 결과 36
• 제5절 연구 II : 인지부하와 인지욕구에 따른 생리신호 차이 41
• 1. 연구방법 42
• 2. 연구 II 결과 44
• 제6절 토의 및 결론 49
• 1. 토의 및 시사점 49
• 2. 한계점 및 향후 연구방향 53
• 제3장 개인의 내재적 속성 및 관계적 속성이 개인 창의성 발현에 미치는 영향: 시스템 개발 및 운영 팀 구성원 비교 55
• 제1절 서 론 55
• 제2절 기존문헌 연구 58
• 1. 창의성 58
• 2. 탐색과 활용 62
• 3. 감성강도 및 인지욕구 64
• 4. 네트워크 구조 66
• 제3절 연구모형 및 가설 설정 70
• 1. 개인의 내재적 속성과 창의성 70
• 2. 개인의 관계적 속성과 창의성 72
• 3. 창의적 과정과 창의성 74
• 제4절 연구방법과 실증분석 76
• 1. 자료 및 표본 76
• 2. 측정변수 79
• 3. 실증분석 82
• 제5절 결 론 97
• 제4장 정보시스템 조직에서 정보기술 활용정도 및 지원정도와 팀 창의성: 팀 특성 및 다양성과 환경 불확실성에 따른 조절효과 연구 100
• 제1절 서 론 100
• 제2절 이론적 배경 및 가설 102
• 1. 팀 창의성 102
• 2. 정보기술 활용정도 및 지원정도와 팀 특성 104
• 3. 환경의 불확실성과 팀 창의성 106
• 4. 팀 다양성 107
• 제3절 연구방법 110
• 1. 자료수집 및 표본특성 110
• 2. 측정변수 112
• 3. 자료분석 115
• 제4절 분석결과 119
• 제5절 결 론 126
• 1. 시사점 126
• 2. 한계점 및 향후 연구방향 129
• 제5장 자기확신과 인지욕구가 개인 창의성에 미치는 영향에 대한 다수준적(multilevel) 고찰: 정보기술 지원정도의 조절효과 130
• 제1절 서 론 130
• 제2절 이론적 배경 및 가설 132
• 1. 개인 창의성 132
• 2. 자기확신과 창의성 134
• 3. 인지욕구와 창의성 135
• 4. 정보기술 지원정도와 창의성 136
• 제3절 연구방법 137
• 1. 자료 및 표본 137
• 2. 측정변수 139
• 3. 분석방법 142
• 제4절 연구결과 및 해석 147
• 1. 영 모형(Null Model) 분석 147
• 2. 무선계수 모형(Random-Coefficients Regression Model) 분석 148
• 3. 절편 및 기울기 모형(Intercepts–and–Slopes-as -Outcomes Model) 분석 149
• 제5절 토의 및 결론 154
• 1. 토의 및 시사점 154
• 2. 한계점 및 향후 연구방향 157
• 제6장 결 론 159
• 제1절 연구요약 159
• 제2절 한계점 및 향후 연구방향 162
• <참고문헌> 165
• <부 록> 205
• <ABSTRACT> 207

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