한국사회 기혼취업여성의 일-가족 갈등 결정요인 : 배우자간 소득자원분포의 영향을 중심으로 = (The) determinant of work-family conflict in women worker in Korea : focused on income resource distribution

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As more and more women workers enter into labor market activities, they are experiencing conflict between work and family. This study is exploring the factors affecting women workers' work-family conflict based on Resource theory.
This study was to verify the following : first, to identify the relations between income resource(absolute income and relative income) and work-family conflicts of married employees women in Korea; second, to identify the effects of interaction between income resource and work-family conflicts by class, age, gender role, and education.
The data set of this study is the third wave data of Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family(KLoWF) collected by Korean Women's Development Institute, in 2010. The data were analysed by multiple regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression. In addition, the moderating effects were analysed with simple slope test developed by Hayes and Matthes(2009).
The findings of the study were as follows:
First, relative income(ratio) between spouses is negatively related to work-family conflict. This means that the power of decision-making within the family based on the relative distribution of income resources between the spouses is working.
Second, there are differences depending on the level of household income in the relationship between relative income and work-family conflict in 1.5 breadwinner(husband full-time job and wife part-time job) case. In relative income, work-family conflict will be reduced in high class, but be increases in low class.
Third, the relationship between the relative resources and work-family conflict shows the difference depending on the gender role attitudes. When women worker has a equality-oriented gender role, the increased work-family conflict and the impact of the relative income do not appear in traditional gender roles.
Fourth, depending on the level of education, the relationship between absolute income and work-family conflict is different. The educated group of absolute income and work-family conflict show a negative relationship, and less educated group do a positive relationship.

What these result imply are as follows. First, in order to solve the problem by the unequal distribution of power resources between spouses in work-family conflict, the reproduction of structural gender inequality system should be dismantled. Gender inequality in the family reproduces social inequality continuously. Therefore improvement of employment conditions compelling women to do more work is urgently needed in order to alleviate the heavy burden of the majority of working women.
Second, work-family conflict policy should be considered for the interaction between class and gender. The effect of power resource differs according to classes within 1.5 breadwinner women groups. To improve this situation, working women's conflict need differentiated policies. For example, because highly educated, high-income women are career-oriented, therefore to improve status in labor market and friendly-family policies are required. Also low-income class women's double-burden of care and work have to be resolved.
Third, institutional efforts are needed for the formation of equality-oriented gender role attitudes. The degree of support to a dual-earner family has a positive effect of gender role attitudes. In other words, equality-oriented gender role attitudes have to be extended, and it can be achieved through the public support. It's not the policy that assumes the gender division of labor, but universal family policy.

Key words : work-family conflict, resource theory, married working women, absolute income resource, relative income resource, gender inequality, interaction effect, Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family(KLoWF)

목차 (Table of Contents)

• <목 차>
• Abstract
• 제 1장 서 론 1
• 제 1절 문제제기 1
• 제 2장 이론적 배경 10
• 제 1절 일-가족 갈등 10
• 제 2절 일-가족 양립에 관한 이론적 관점 13
• 1. 성역할 이론 13
• 2. Becker의 가계생산이론 15
• 3. 자원이론 17
• 제 3절 선행연구 검토 20
• 1. 선행연구 동향 20
• 2. 일-가족 갈등의 설명요인 26
• 3. 선행연구의 성과 및 한계 37
• 제 3장 연구문제 및 모형 42
• 제 1절 연구문제 42
• 제 2절 연구모형 45
• 제 4장 연구방법 48
• 제 1절 분석자료 48
• 제 2절 분석방법 49
• 제 3절 변수정의 및 측정 51
• 1. 종속변수 : 일-가족 갈등 51
• 2. 독립변수 : 배우자간 자원분포(절대적･상대적 자원) 53
• 3. 통제변수 54
• 제 5장 분석결과 60
• 제 1절 인구사회학적 특성 60
• 1. 인구사회학적 특성 60
• 2. 절대소득 및 상대소득과 일-가족 갈등 현황 65
• 3. 주요 인구학적 특성에 따른 일-가족 갈등 차이 69
• 4. 주요변수간 상관관계 72
• 제 2절 기혼취업여성의 일-가족 갈등 결정요인 분석 75
• 1. 기혼취업여성의 일-가족 갈등 결정요인 75
• 2. 전일제생계부양가구의 일-가족 갈등 결정요인 81
• 3. 시간제생계부양가구의 일-가족 갈등 결정요인 84
• 제 3절 소득자원과 일-가족 갈등 관계에 있어 주요변인들의 상호작용 효과분석 86
• 1. 소득자원과 일-가족 갈등의 관계에 있어 계층의 상호작용효과 86
• 2. 소득자원과 일-가족 갈등의 관계에 있어 연령의 상호작용효과 92
• 3. 소득자원과 일-가족 갈등의 관계에 있어 성역할태도의 상호작용효과 98
• 4. 소득자원과 일-가족 갈등의 관계에 있어 교육수준의 상호작용효과 103
• 제 6장 결 론 109
• 제 1절 연구결과 요약 109
• 제 2절 연구의 함의 및 제언 113
• 1. 이론적 함의 113
• 2. 정책적 함의 115
• 3. 연구의 한계 118