This study examined relations between preschool children's self-control and intellectual ability and peers' mutual reaction, and investigated mediation of the relations based on mutual relationship between the variables.
The subjects for the research ...
This study examined relations between preschool children's self-control and intellectual ability and peers' mutual reaction, and investigated mediation of the relations based on mutual relationship between the variables.
The subjects for the research purposes were:
1. Does peers' mutual reaction varies depending upon preschool children's self-control?
2. Does peers' mutual reaction varies depending upon preschool children's intellectual ability?
3. What is intellectual ability's mediation effect at mutual reaction relation between preschool children's self-control and peers' mutual reaction?
3-1) What is mutual reaction's relation between preschool children's self-control and intellectual ability?
3-2) What is intellectual ability's mediation effect at relation between preschool children's self control and peers' mutual reaction?
The process below tested the research subjects as follow:
First, preschool children's self-control was tested by using a tool of Lee So-yeong (2007) that Lee Jeong-ran (2003) made correction and supplemented a tool for parents to let teachers test.
Second, K-WPPSI (Park Hea-won, Kwak Keum-joo and Park Kwang-bae (1996)) was used to test preschool children's intellectual ability.
Third, `Peer relationship analysis tool' (Cho Yun-jeong, 1997) that made correction and supplemented tool of Holloway and Reichhart-Erickson(1988) was used to test children's peer relationship.
The subject were 101 preschool children at two preschools in 'G' city Gyeongsangbuk-do who consisted of 38 children at the age of five and 63 children at the age of six. The survey was done from October 10, 2011 to December 23, 2011. The author gave preschool teachers questionnaire of self-control and collected it. The author tested the children's intellectual ability at an independent area of the preschool. The author and two of her assistants watched the children's peer relationship at free time in the morning. Time sampling of 10-minutes watching and 1-time recording were used, in other words, 10 times of watching of each one child and 100 minutes in total (10-minutes x 10 times) of watching and recording time. SPSS 17.0 was used. And, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used, and Cronbach's α coefficient was used to test reliability. One-way ANOVA was used to test self control and peers' relationship. Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis was used to test mediation effect of self control and peer relationship. And, multi regression was done to test 3-stage mediation effect (Baron and Kenny, 1986).
The findings and interpretation were as follow:
First, the children's self control had significantly different peer relationship. In other words, the children who had high self control had affirmative relationship to have less negative relationship.
Second, peer relationship varied significantly depending upon intellectual ability. In other words, the children having high intellectual ability had affirmative and dependent relationship to have less negative relationship.
Third, the children's self-control, intellectual ability and peer relationship had significant relationship. Self control and intellectual ability had positive relationship, and affirmative relationship of self control and peer relationship had positive relationship with dependent relationship to have negative relationship. And, affirmative relationship of intellectual ability and peer relationship had positive relationship with dependent relationship and negative relationship with negative relations.
intellectual ability had mediation effect with affirmative relationship of peer relationship, and not only dependent relationship but also negative relationship had perfect mediation effect of intellectual ability. In other words, high self control had high intellectual ability to increase affirmative relationship and dependent relationship and to lower negative relationship.