The Effects of Maternal Depression on Maltreatment of Preschool Children
: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Marital Conflict
and Social Support
Child maltreatment is one of the most traumatic events that exert fatal influences on development of c...
The Effects of Maternal Depression on Maltreatment of Preschool Children
: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Marital Conflict
and Social Support
Child maltreatment is one of the most traumatic events that exert fatal influences on development of children. Especially preschool is the period that children completely rely on and spend most time with their mother. Therefore, in order to observe the phenomenon of maltreatment of preschool children, it is important to examine the characteristics of mother. In this time of period, the mothers of preschool children go through diverse psychological problems such as postpartum depression, parenting stress, parenting burden and etc. Therefore, in order to examine the occurrence of preschoolers’ abuse, it is important to look at one of the most frequently occurring psychological condition such as depression.
This study examines the multi-dimensional effects of maternal depression on preschool child abuse based on ecological system theory. At individual level, it focuses on the direct effect of maternal depression on physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect on children. At family level, it focuses on the mediating effect of marital conflict on the influences of depression on maltreatment. Lastly, at social level, it focuses on the mediating effect of social support of mother on the influences of depression on child abuse.
This study uses the National Survey on Child Abuse 2011 for analyses. A total of 1,223 mothers dwelling with husband and that have child age between 0-6 years whose upcoming birthday is closes to the survey period are included in the study. For the analyses, logistic regression is employed to examine the influences of maternal depression on child abuse and four steps of Baron & Kenny(1986) is examined to see whether it satisfies the mediating condition.
The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows.
First, the findings show that maternal depression has positive influence on physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect. It means that as the level of depression increases, the possibility of mother maltreating preschool children goes up.
Second, the findings show that marital conflict significantly mediates the influence of maternal depression on physical and emotional abuse of the children. In a word, maternal depression does not only directly exert influence on maltreatment of preschoolers, but it also indirectly influences through martial conflict.
Third, the findings reveal that social support significantly mediates the influence of maternal depression on physical abuse and neglect of preschool children. As the level of depression goes up, the level of social support mother receives goes down, and in turn, it increases the possibility of abusing child physically and emotionally.
This study carries several important implications. First, based on ecological system theory, this study examines the effect of maternal depression on child maltreatment at diverse levels; individual, family, and social level. Second, this study overcomes the limitation of studying maltreatment of preschoolers due to lack of data, providing more detailed information about abuse in preschool children. Third, this study looks at physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect separately, broadening the study of maltreatment.
This study has following practical implications. In order to intervene and protect further severe abuse of preschool children, it is required to specifically assess the psychological and emotional condition of main caretaker and if necessary provide concentrated treatment. Also, the result has revealed that not only psychological problem directly result in abuse but also indirectly through influences of family and society: marital conflict and social support. Therefore, in assessing child abuse, it should not only concentrate on abuser-child relationship but also examine the reciprocal interaction between family members and society. Intense interventions such as family therapy, parenting education, and self help group are helpful in establishing support system and further preventing child maltreatment.
However, this study also carries several limitations. Since this study uses cross-sectional data, the causal relationship between variables cannot be explained. Also, this study does not include all the variables that are considered to mediate maternal depression and child maltreatment.