베트남 결혼이주여성의 우울감 경험 = Depression experiences of Vietnamese Migrant Inter-marriage Women

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 베트남 결혼이주여성이 한국사회에서 경험하는 우울감의 본질을 심층적으로 이해하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 van Manen의 해석학적 현상학적 연구방법을 사용하였다. 연구에 포함된 자료는 베트남 결혼이주여성의 우울감 경험을 표현한 시, 민요, 소설, 일기, 수기, 영화 등에 나타난 우울감의 주제와 베트남 결혼이주여성 7명과의 심층면담을 통해 얻은 체험이었다. 면담은 2011년 11월부터 2012년 5월까지 이루어졌으며, 비구조화된 질문으로 베트남 결혼이주여성의 삶의 과정에서 경험하는 우울감을 자유롭게 표현하도록 하였고, 모든 면담자료는 녹음하여 필사하였다.
수집된 자료들을 분석한 결과는 200개의 의미진술, 34개의 주제, 10개의 본질적 주제가 도출되었다. 즉, ‘속았다는 사실로 인한 황당함’, ‘너무 많이 달라서 속상함’, ‘주눅이 든 자신이 슬픔’, ‘이방인으로 여겨져 비참함’, ‘걱정이 많고 불안함’, ‘외롭고 쓸쓸함’, ‘모든 것이 내 탓인 듯 미안함’, ‘끝이 보이지 않아 절망스러움’, ‘몸이 힘들고 아픔’, ‘살기 위해 애씀’이었다. 이를 통해 베트남 결혼이주여성의 우울감 경험에 대해서 다음과 같이 생활세계의 기본구조를 중심으로 하나의 현상학적 이야기로 구성하였다.

○ 체험된 몸 : 신체성
연구 참여자들의 우울감 체험은 억눌리고, 상처받아 고통스러워하는 마음의 증세가 몸으로 나타남이었고, 의학적으로는 이상이 없지만, 실제로 신체증상을 느끼고 있는 경우도 있었다. 이렇듯 경험하는 신체증상들은 우울감 경험의 결과로 나타나는 몸의 반응들이었다.

○ 체험된 공간 : 공간성
연구 참여자들이 우울감을 체험하는 공간은 속았다는 사실로 인한 황당함, 불신과 불안의 공간 그리고 자신을 주눅 들게 하는 곳으로 우울감을 느끼게 만드는 원인으로 작용하고 있었다.

○ 체험된 시간 : 시간성
연구 참여자들의 우울감으로 체험된 시간의 의미는 끝이 보이지 않는 미래에 대해 걱정이 많고 불안함을 느끼는 텅 비어진 시간이었고, 살아갈 이유를 찾으며 애쓰는 채워짐의 시간이었다.

○ 체험된 타자 : 관계성
연구 참여자들이 우울감을 체험하는 타자의 의미는 한국인들의 차별과 편견 때문에 주눅이 든 자신이 슬펐고, 가족들이 이방인으로 여겨 비참함과 외롭고 쓸쓸함이었다.

이상에서 밝혀진 베트남 결혼이주여성의 우울감 경험의 본질적 의미들은 간호사들이 이들의 문화적 특수성과 사회경제적 맥락에서 건강문제를 인식할 수 있는 문화적 역량을 기르는데 활용될 수 있고, 이들의 관점에서 간호요구를 파악하여 효과적인 간호를 제공하는데 필요한 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 다른 문화권에서 온 결혼이주여성의 우울감 경험에 대해 반복 연구를 실시하여 다문화간호 이론 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ··············································································· 1
• A. 연구의 필요성 ································································· 1
• B. 연구의 목적 ···································································· 3
• Ⅱ. 문헌고찰 ·········································································· 4
• A. 결혼이주여성의 현실 ·························································· 4
• 1. 결혼이주여성의 범위 ························································ 4
• 2. 결혼이주여성의 사회경제적 특성 ········································· 5
• 3. 결혼이주여성의 문화적응 스트레스 ······································· 6
• 4. 결혼이주여성의 건강문제 ··················································· 8
• B. 다문화 간호이론과 우울 ···················································· 10
• 1. 다문화 간호이론(Transcultural Nursing Theory) ····················· 10
• 2. 다문화 간호이론적 관점에서 본 우울 ··································· 12
• C. 베트남 문화 ··································································· 16
• 1. 여성의 사회적 지위와 결혼 및 출산문화 ······························ 16
• 2. 정서표현 ···································································· 18
• 3. 한국 생활풍습과의 차이점 ··············································· 19
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 ········································································ 21
• A. 체험의 본질로 돌아가기 ···················································· 21
• 1. 탐구 현상에 대한 지향 ···················································· 21
• 2. 현상학적 질문 형성 ························································ 21
• 3. 연구자의 가정과 선 이해 ················································· 22
• B. 체험 탐구 ······································································ 23
• 1. 개인의 체험 기술 ··························································· 23
• 2. 연구 참여자의 경험적 진술 수집 ········································ 24
• a. 연구 참여자의 선정 ····················································· 24
• b. 자료수집 방법 ···························································· 26
• 3. 윤리적 고려 ································································· 27
• 4. 해석학적 현상적 자료의 분석 ············································ 28
• 5. 연구의 질 확보 ····························································· 29
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 ········································································ 30
• A. 다양한 자료로부터 수집된 베트남 결혼이주여성 우울감 경험 ········ 30
• 1. 어원 추적 및 베트남 관용어구 수집 ···································· 30
• 2. 문학과 영화에 나타난 베트남 결혼이주여성의 우울감 경험 ········· 32
• a. 시․민요 부문 ···························································· 32
• b. 소설 부문 ································································· 33
• c. 일기․수기 부문 ························································· 36
• d. 영화 부문 ································································· 43
• B. 베트남 결혼이주여성의 우울감 경험에 관한 해석학적 현상학적 반성· 45
• C. 해석학적 현상학적 글쓰기 ················································· 71
• Ⅴ. 논의 ············································································· 75
• A. 베트남 결혼이주여성의 우울감 경험에 관한 논의 ······················ 75
• B. 간호학적 의의 ································································ 80
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 ··································································· 82
• 참고문헌 ············································································· 85
• 부록1. 베트남 결혼이주여성의 생애사 ·········································· 96
• 부록2. 연구설명문 ································································· 135
• 부록3. 연구동의서 ································································· 136
• ABSTRACT ······································································· 137