중소기업의 내부역량과 기술혁신성과의 관계 및 외부네트워크와 조직문화의 조절 = (The) relation of internal competence to technological innovation performance and the moderating effect of external network and organizational culture in SMEs

국문 초록 (Abstract)

치열한 경쟁과 환경의 급변 때문에 한정된 자원과 역량을 바탕으로 최적의 성과를 산출하기 위해 기업은 기술혁신을 위한 내부역량이 필요하다. 그리고 내부역량을 보다 효과적으로 기술혁신성과에 연결시키기 위해 기업은 외부네트워크와 조직문화를 조절요인으로 고려할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 중소기업의 내부역량과 기술혁신성과 사이의 관계와 내부역량과 기술혁신성과 사이의 관계를 외부네트워크와 조직문화가 조절하는지를 실증적으로 규명하고자 하였다.
이를 위해 대구지역의 4대 전략산업과 서비스산업에 속한 기업 중 메카트로닉스 130개, 섬유 71개, 그리고 전자정보기기와 나노, 생물, 서비스업 등을 포함한 기타 161개, 총 362개를 조직수준에서 실증 분석한 결과 첫째, R&D역량이나 사업화역량 같은 내부역량이 높을수록 특허나 상표권과 같은 기술혁신성과가 높은 경향을 보였다. 둘째, 이러한 내부역량과 기술혁신성과 사이의 관계에 대한 외부네트워크의 조절효과는 기술혁신성과가 특허일 경우에는 외부네트워크가 내부역량 모두와의 관계를 조절한 반면, 종속변수가 상표권인 경우에는 사업화역량과의 관계만 조절하였다. 셋째, 조직문화도 종속변수가 특허일 경우에는 사업화역량과의 관계를, 상표권의 경우에는 내부역량 모두와의 관계를 조절하였다.
이러한 결과를 바탕으로 학문적, 실무적 기여와 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구 과제를 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Corporations need internal capability for technological innovation to produce optimal performance based on restricted resource and capability due to keen competition and sudden environmental change. In order to connect internal capability more effectively into technological innovation performance, corporations require considering external network and organizational culture as moderating factors.
Existing studies, however, do not show consistent results on the relationships between internal capability and technological innovation. In addition, there exists little research to analyze the moderating effect of external network on technological innovation performance. Moreover, there are insufficient studies investigating the moderating effect of organizational culture.
This study, accordingly, aims at investigating empirically how SMEs' internal capability relates to technological innovation performance and whether external network and organizational culture moderate the relationships or not. For this, based on a literature review, this study designed the research model and generated the hypotheses as follows:
Hypothesis 1.1: There are positive relationships between R&D capability and patent.
Hypothesis 1.2: There are positive relationships between commercialization capability and patent.
Hypothesis 1.3: There are positive relationships between R&D capability and trademark.
Hypothesis 1.4: There are positive relationships between commercialization capability and trademark.
Hypothesis 2.1: External network moderates the relationships between R&D capability and patent.
Hypothesis 2.2: External network moderates the relationships between commercialization capability and patent.
Hypothesis 2.3: External network moderates the relationships between R&D capability and trademark.
Hypothesis 2.4: External network moderates the relationships between commercialization capability and trademark.
Hypothesis 3.1: Organizational culture moderates the relationships between R&D capability and patent.
Hypothesis 3.2: Organizational culture moderates the relationships between commercialization capability and patent.
Hypothesis 3.3: Organizational culture moderates the relationships between R&D capability and trademark.
Hypothesis 3.4: Organizational culture moderates the relationships between commercialization capability and trademark.
To test the hypotheses, based on a questionnaire survey, this study collected data from 362 companies in the Daegu region and analyzed the data at an organizational level. This study conducted descriptive statistics analyses to take a look at the characteristics of the data, content analyses to test the construct validity of the data, Cronbach α analyses to test the reliability of the data, and regression analyses to test the hypotheses.
As results, the data were reliable and valid. Out of 12 hypotheses, 10 were adopted while only 2 were rejected as the following table shows:
mmercialization capability and trademark.
Hypothesis testings resulted in, first of all, the tendency that the more internal capability such as R&D or commercialization capability is high, the more technological innovation performance such as patent or trademark. Secondly, external network tends to moderate relationships between internal capability and technological innovation performance. This tendency, however, differs according to the contents of internal capability and technological innovation performance. That is, in the case of patent, external network tends to moderate the relationships with both internal capabilities, while in the case of trademark only commercialization capability tends to moderate. Thirdly, organizational culture revealed to moderate partly relationships between internal capability and technological innovation performance. In detail, both internal capabilities tend to moderate in the case of patent, while only one of internal capabilities tends to moderate in the case of trademark.
These findings from this study provide following theoretical implications: Firstly, since most of the hypotheses were adopted, the evolution theory and the resource-based theory utilized in this study may be useful for the research of technological innovation in SMEs. Secondly, SMEs internal capability and technological innovation performance tend to be connected closely. Thirdly, because external network moderates the increase of technological innovation performance, the open innovation theory may afford a theoretical framework for technological innovation research. And finally, organizational culture should be regarded as an important factor facilitating relationships between internal capability and technological innovation in SMEs.
The findings from this study, furthermore, suggest practical implications as follows: Firstly, SMEs have to strengthen commercialization capability in addition to R&D capability to increase in their technological innovation. Secondly, in order to facilitate technological innovation from their internal capabilities SMEs need to open their doors and build external networks strongly to utilize the external innovative resources. Thirdly, in order to promote innovation continuously SMEs should promote innovative culture in order to increase in the effectiveness of internal capabilities for successful technological innovation. And finally, SMEs should be aware of the importance of trademark as well as patent as one of important intellectual properties.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 1
• 1.1 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 1.2 연구의 방법 및 구성 4
• 2. 이론적 배경 6
• 2.1 변수의 개념 11
• 2.1.1 기술혁신성과 11
• 2.1.2 내부역량 12
• 2.1.3 외부네트워크 15
• 2.1.4 조직문화 17
• 2.2 배경이론 17
• 2.2.1 기술혁신 17
• 2.2.2 개방형 혁신 21
• 2.2.3 조직문화 24
• 2.3 내부역량, 외부네트워크, 조직문화 및 기술혁신성과 간 관계 27
• 2.3.1 내부역량과 기술혁신성과 간 관계 27
• 2.3.2 내부역량과 기술혁신성과 간 관계에 대한 외부네트워크의 조절 33
• 2.3.3 내부역량과 기술혁신성과 간 관계에 대한 조직문화의 조절 41
• 3. 연구의 모형 및 가설 45
• 3.1 연구의 모형 45
• 3.2 연구의 가설 48
• 3.2.1 내부역량과 기술혁신성과 간 관계 48
• 3.2.2 외부네트워크의 조절 50
• 3.2.3 조직문화의 조절 51
• 4. 실증연구 54
• 4.1 변수의 조작적 정의 및 측정 54
• 4.2 자료의 특성, 신뢰성 및 타당성 57
• 4.3 가설의 검정 60
• 4.3.1 내부역량과 기술혁신성과 간 관계 63
• 4.3.2 외부네트워크의 조절 63
• 4.3.3 조직문화의 조절 64
• 5. 결론 65
• 5.1 연구결과의 요약 및 의의 65
• 5.1.1 연구결과의 요약 65
• 5.1.2 연구결과의 의의 67
• 5.2 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구의 과제 70
• 참고문헌 72
• 부 록 85
• 영문초록 87
• 국문초록 94

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