The purpose of this study is to clarify the developmental mechanism of resilience in poverty adolescents by closely examining longitudinally interrelation between risk factor and protective factor, which have influence upon poverty adolescents' develo...
The purpose of this study is to clarify the developmental mechanism of resilience in poverty adolescents by closely examining longitudinally interrelation between risk factor and protective factor, which have influence upon poverty adolescents' development in resilience, and by examining the mediating effect of protective factor on risk factor and the longitudinal influence upon resilience.
To achieve this research objective, data were utilized from the 2nd year to the 5th year(2004 ~ 2007) among panel-survey materials for the 2nd grade of middle school in 『Korea Youth Panel Survey』by National Youth Policy Institute. The survey subjects were selected 524 people who correspond to under 60% of middle income, which was established as poverty line in this study, among 3,188 respondents for the 2nd year of Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. An analytical method was presumed a change in each factor and was analyzed what about the relationship of a longitudinal change in each factor with multivariate latent growth model.
The results of this study are as follows.
First, risk factor, protective factor, and resilience were indicated to have tendency of increasing for 4 years. A variant on the rate of change in risk factor and protective factor was indicated significantly. Thus, diverse individual differences can be known to exist in a change between poverty adolescent individuals. Through this, a ground was confirmed that can clarify not only the whole characteristics on development in resilience of poverty adolescents, but also the mechanism on individual-based difference, which exists in the same group.
Second, in the direct relationship between the developmental trajectories in each of risk factor and protective factor, and the developmental trajectories in resilience, the initial value and the change rate in risk factor were indicated to have negative influence, respectively, upon the initial value and the change rate in resilience. In other words, the risk factor could be confirmed to have negative influence upon a result of poverty adolescents' resilience cross-sectionally and longitudinally. On the other hand, the initial value and the change rate of protective factor can be confirmed to have positive influence upon the initial value and the change rate of resilience in poverty adolescents. Especially, what a rise in risk factor has negative influence upon development in resilience depending on the lapse of time and what a rise in protective factor has positive influence can be said to be a result of suggesting the necessity of long-term intervention direction for poverty adolescents.
Third, as a result of verifying the mediating effect of protective factor, which mediates the influence of risk factor upon a result of resilience, both the individual level and the environmental level in protective factor had mediating effect in relationship between initial values of risk factor and resilience, and were statistically significant. However, in verification of mediating effect in protective factor on the rate of change according to the lapse of time, only the social support was indicated to have mediating effect in the relationship between the change rates in negative self-recognition and resilience.
Suggesting social-welfare implications based on the significances and findings of this study, they are as follows.
This study will be able to be said to have been attempted for clarifying which qualitative difference the adolescents' developmental process in resilience has within the same poverty group by considering risk factor and protective factor at the same time, which have influence upon poverty adolescents' development in resilience, and by closely examining which change tendency and influence these things have longitudinally. There is significance in having suggested new sight and practical direction of understanding poverty adolescents, who are exposed to risk, with the focus on the process of easing or reducing negative effect with illuminating it from positive sight of strengthening protective factor, escaping from problem-centered intervention in poverty adolescents through this.
Suggesting social-welfare implications based on the findings, they are as follows.
First, there is a need of intervention in consideration of individual difference in poverty adolescents. Even in the same dangerous situation called poverty, the adolescents with high level and the adolescents with low level in risk factor and protective factor existed. Diverse individual differences were shown even in a change according to time. This individual difference is varied the difficulty level of being suffered depending on the level of risk factor and protective level even if being the same poverty adolescents. Thus, differentiated intervention in this is needed.
Second, plural intervention is needed in consideration of risk factor and protective factor for development in resilience of poverty adolescents. This study has significance in having utilized this model as a practical strategy by clarifying effect of protective factor, which inhibits negative influence of risk factor upon development in resilience. Therefore, there is suggestion that the intervention, which reduces risk factor and considers all aspects of reinforcing protective factor, can be effective intervention plan for development in resilience of poverty adolescents.
Third, positive correlation with parents has important influence upon resilience in poverty adolescents. Thus, there will be a need of being formed the parent education and guidance for poverty adolescents' parents.
Fourth, institutionalization of delivery system is needed for development and utilization in school resources. There is a need of distributing school social workers and relevant experts as professional manpower with the field placement in schools and of institutionalizing it regularly. Through this, the broad intervention is possible, which helps developmental adjustment in general adolescents as well as poverty adolescents or adolescents, who show problematic behavior. In this case, a sense of marking iron will be able to be removed according to the use of service.
Fifth, there is a need of increasing effectiveness of intervention through connecting diverse resources including school and community as well as individual and family for intervention in poverty adolescents.
Sixthly, there is a need of establishing synthetic and long-term policy and system on the government-wide delivery system and service available for stepping up preventive approach rather than short-term and post-measure for poverty adolescents.