A house is where human beings live, and along with clothing and food, one of the basic components of human life as well as its container. Therefore, the house as living space leads to stable and prosperous lives for humankind, and socioeconomically, s...
A house is where human beings live, and along with clothing and food, one of the basic components of human life as well as its container. Therefore, the house as living space leads to stable and prosperous lives for humankind, and socioeconomically, serves as the pinnacle of the reproduction of labor.
The process of industrialization after the 1960s created various problems such as those related to traffic, labor, housing and the environment. In particular, the basic housing problem of human beings has been raised as a difficult problem to solve. The policy of developing New Communities in locations such as Bundang, Ilsan, Pyeongchon and Sanbon to create large amounts of housing units was continued into the 2000s, and housing land from Pangyo, Paju, Woonjung and Gwangkyo amounts to 352,750,000m2. This is greater than the 341,206,000m2 created by the land readjustment projects within existing urban areas for 60 years, from 1927 to 1986.
Because the New Community housing created by large-scale land development was conducted while the employment hub of the Seoul Metropolitan Area had not been moved and the area was not self-sufficient, new large-scale housing development was concentrated within 40Km of the edges of the Seoul Metropolitan Area, and small-scale housing for low-income families within existing urban areas was alienated by housing policy.
As the government actively intervened in the market as the main driver of housing creation, the autonomy and resource distribution function of the market was distorted and weakened, and correspondingly, the structure housing industry has become very weak. It has been criticized that, if this situation is not corrected, the domestic housing industry will not be able to play its role in satisfying the housing demand of consumers based on the creativity of private companies.
If market intervention by the public sector and regulation of the private sector continues, the demand for higher quality housing that will accompany growth in the economy will not be properly met, and in particular, social tensions following the decrease in housing provided to existing urban areas will increase. Therefore, high-quality housing must be sufficiently provided to accommodate changes in housing consumption based on population structure, number of family members and income level. For this, a separation of roles is needed in which the public sector concentrates on providing housing to communities with unsafe living and the economically alienated and the private sector provides housing to those with consumption power. That is, conditions must be formed to allow small housing development businesses to provide housing based on the autonomy of the market.
Examining in detail danger factors that appear in the various stages of housing development, this study has found that there are broadly 4 factors that inhibit the revitalization of domestic small-scale housing development projects. These are problems related to housing policy, legal problems related to the construction approval, problems related to finding the funds needed for housing development and problems in the tax regime related to the business feasibility of housing development projects.
To revitalized small-scale housing creation for the housing welfare of low-income residents, there is a need for the government to form a consistent, long-term housing policy, limit bureaucratic discretion related to construction approvals, standardize administrative regulations related to construction law, the creation of local ordinances related to the enforcement ordinances for construction law and a national housing fund for small-scale housing development businesses as well as a system to decrease financial support for construction.
Also, tax subsidies, which effect the business feasibility of housing projects, should apply the lowest tax rate by adjusting the income expense rate in stages as a tax subsidy system related to tax exemption or reduction adjusted depending on the purpose of the subsidy. Also, there needs to be a simplification of the tax declaration and payment process or the preparation of tax documents as small-scale development businesses lack sufficient bookkeeping capabilities.
In conclusion, to consistently provide small-scale housing, easing of regulations related to allowing housing construction on small plots of land and support is needed.
That is, to revitalize small-scale housing development projects, the interests of various stakeholders in the small-scale housing market must be satisfied.