한국 현대시의 형성과 자유주의 시학 : 전통과 자유 인식의 전개 양상을 중심으로 = The Formation of Korean Modern Poetry and Liberal Poetics : Focused on the development Phase of Acknowledge on Tradition and liberalism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this paper is to do diachronic research on the liberal and literary identity and the modern poetical autonomy that were revealed, after the Korean liberation, on the representative process of Korean nationality. The formation and development of modern poetry are closely related to the flow of Korean politics ranging the ideological chaos of the liberation period to before and after the April 19th Revolution. Presuming that the period of Korean liberation is the one that the liberalism has surfaced, that period of 1950s is the one that the traditional symbol has been institutionalized, and the period of 1960s is the one that the liberal literature has hit its stride, this paper tries to study the development phase of the ideology of Korean tradition and freedom. After the Korean liberation, the norm of modern poetry was formed by the binary opposition between ‘tradition’ and ‘modernism’. The ideal type of the modern poetry, however, appeared on the more complex phrases than the simple structure of the binary opposition. Indeed, the modernism of the poetic literature after the liberation can be acknowledged through the structurally-layered meaning of ‘post-war’. While the concept of ‘post-war’ usually means the ‘after the Korean War’ literally, the term of ‘post-war’, in this case, has its vital meaning to direct and propagate the world-wide economical, political, and cultural upheaval as well as the existentialism. The ‘post-war’ acknowledge on the World War II emerged on the poetic expressions, in which the possibility of modernism literature during the liberation that freed the ideal type of binary opposition from can be found. Nonetheless, the acknowledge of the ‘post-war’ that had existed during the period of liberation lost its position in the national and historical narrative with passing through the Korean War.
In this sense, it is noticeable that Kim, Suyoung, through the poetic expressions that evoked the period of liberation after 1950s, tried to criticize and overcome the society of the post-Korean War. Like this, the project of the modernization and the post-colonialism took on the liberal character that supported the national autonomy and the international equality. The liberalism in Korea is hardly explained by means of the classical concept of Locke’s Two Treatises of Civil Governmentor the modern concept of Nozick’s Minimal State, that is, the basic ideology of democracy that guarantees the individual freedom by the restriction of the political power. The Korean liberalism was set in the term that used to be understood as the ideological product of the Cold War, including the anticommunism, or spoke for the radical progressivism, resisting the non-democratic society. In this reason, the liberal character of the literature was also clearly evident after the April 19th Revolution. That the modern poetry of the 1950s was developed as a kind of traditional poetics and as a part of nationalism is the process that the liberal values of the modernism poetry after the liberation were conservatized. The spirit of Silla and the symbol of modern poetry of Seo, Jeongju and Jo, Jihoo in 1950s were a mere representation of universal culture of ‘post-war’ nation. The traditional acknowledge of that time, like this, is similar to Jung, Byungwook’s move that while elevating the traditional values by the concept of broad Korean literature and seeking the new possibilities in the international culture, only have to focus on the nationalism in the end. Namely, in this period, the ideology and character of modern poetry was established by the privileged traditional theory rather than the new spirit of modernism and the problem of literary autonomy. The liberal character of modern poetry in the 1960s, on the contrary, faced the political crisis and then was advanced through the progressive literature (participation) and the autonomy problem of individual and literature. The advanced liberal acknowledge of modern poetry, overcoming the conservative nationalism of 1950s, appeared on the literature of Kim, Suyoung. The literature of Kim, Suyoung that understood the spirit of modernism as the source of overcoming non-democratic political situation and the divided society, vibrantly showed the liberal attitude resisting, so-called, chauvinistic nationalism. Kim, Suyoung, also, replaced the sense of loss ‘April 19th Revolution’with the problem of ‘love’, and sought new turning point of liberal acknowledge. ‘Love’, the criterion of liberal acknowledge, is closely associated with the formation of aesthetic subject in the 1960’s modern poetry.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구 목적 및 연구 관점 = 1
• 2. 연구 방법 및 연구 대상 = 6
• II. 현대시 재편의 문화사적 조건: 해방기 모더니즘시의 이념과 성격 = 17
• 1. 세계대전 이후 모더니스트들의 좌파적 상상 = 17
• (1) 제3세계 민족 표상과 신식민주의 비판 = 17
• (2) 좌우 이념 대립과 그 잉여: ‘미소공위’ 전후의 시인들 = 28
• 2. 해방기 탈식민적 자유주의의 의미와 한계 = 37
• (1) ‘해방’의 담론과 ‘초근대인’의 이상 = 37
• (2) 코스모폴리탄적 감각과 ‘건국’의 멘탈리티 = 45
• 3. 세계 전후의 문화 담론과 실존주의의 영향 = 51
• (1) 모더니스트의 불안한 자기 초상과 냉전 인식 = 51
• (2) 실존적 자아의 탈식민적 가능성 = 59
• Ⅲ. 현대시의 제도적 보수화 과정: 문단과 아카데미즘 형성의 궤적 = 76
• 1. 내셔널리즘의 전통론과 현대시의 보수화 = 76
• (1) 한국전쟁과 휴머니즘적 문화 옹호론 = 76
• (2) 순수, 영원, 보편의 민족 정신과 ‘신라’ 표상 = 82
• 2. 대학 제도의 보편화와 고전/현대의 실현화 과정 = 89
• (1) 古典, 전통의 문화 표상 = 89
• (2) 현대 비평가와 비평적 자의식의 조건 = 99
• 3. 모더니즘의 순치: 현대시의 규범과 문단정치 = 107
• (1) 1950년대 시단의 재편과 ‘현대시’의 이념 = 107
• (2) 고전으로서의 현대시, 포섭된 모더니티 = 114
• Ⅳ. 현대시의 재발견: 모더니즘과 자유주의 시학의 도정 = 126
• 1. 해방기 리버럴리스트의 귀환: 1950년대 모더니즘시와 전후 인식 = 126
• (1) 두 개의 ‘전후’와 김수영의 진보적 역사 인식 = 127
• (2) 1950년대 후반기 지성론의 의미와 ‘진보’의 부상 = 132
• 2. 1960년대 전통과 현대의 주체적 인식과 중립적 자유주의 = 147
• (1) 김수영의 전통론과 민족 이념의 탈환 = 147
• (2) 김수영의 자유주의 시학과 그 이후 = 158
• Ⅴ. 결론 = 174
• 참고문헌 = 178
• 국문초록 = 193
• ABSTRACT = 196