노인의 여가 활동 참여유형과 생활만족도 간의 관계를 통한 여가 활성화 방안 연구 = A Study on Leisure Activation Based on Leisure Activity and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 노인들의 여가활동 참여유형에 따라 생활만족도가 어떠한 관계가 있는지를 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 이를 위하여 노인들을 대상으로 여가활동 유형에 대한 참여 정도와 생활만족도 정도를 알아보았으며 그들 간의 상관관계를 통하여 노인의 여가활동의 필요성을 실증적으로 검증하였다. 또한 제 변인이 노인의 여가활동 유형과 생활만족도에 미치는 영향력을 탐색하여 노인의 여가활동의 참여가 노인의 삶에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 검증함으로써 노년기에 있어서 여가활동의 중요성을 밝히고 생활만족도를 높일 수 있도록 여가활동 활성화 방안을 제시 하는데 연구의 의의를 두었다.
연구를 위한 조사대상은 전라남도 순천시와 광양시에 거주하는
60세 이상의 남자 노인 162명, 여자 노인 168명으로 총 280명의 노인을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 배부한 설문지는 350부였으나 그 중 회수된 설문지는 313부이며 응답이 불문명하거나 응답을 중도에 포기하여 분석에 적합하지 않은 33부를 제외하고 총 280부를 최종 분석에 이용하였다.
통계자료 분석은 SPSS 19.0 프로그램을 통해 이루어졌으며, 수집된 자료는 측정도구의 신뢰도를 검증하기 위하여 Cronbach 의 ⍺를 실시하였으며 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차 등을 산출하였고, t-test, 일원변량 분석, 상관관계 분석 등이 이용되었다.
본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 노인의 여가활동 유형의 참여 정도와 생활만족도의 정도를 알아본 결과 가장 많이 참여하는 여가활동 유형은 소일거리 활동과 가족중심활동이었으며, 자기개발 활동 및 종교․사회․봉사활동에는 참여가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조사 대상자의 생활만족도의 정도를 살펴본 결과 중앙치 보다 높게 나타나 대부분의 노인들이 생활에 만족하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 가족과 함께 생활하고 사회활동 및 여가활동을 하면서 외로움을 느끼지 못하고 삶의 즐거움을 느끼고 있음으로 분석 되었다.
둘째, 전체적인 여가활동 유형에 참여하는 노인들의 사회 인구학적 특성을 살펴보면, 생활수준이 높을수록, 가정 분위기가 좋을수록, 근로 소득 등으로 생활할수록, 건강이 좋을수록 여가활동에 더 많이 참여하는 것으로 나타났다.
셋째, 노인의 일반적인 특성에 따른 생활만족도를 살펴보면, 성별, 종교, 자녀의 수에서는 유의미한 차이가 없었으나, 연령이 낮을수록, 교육수준이 높을수록, 배우자가 있고, 함께 동거 할수록 생활만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 생활비를 제외한 한 달 용돈이 많을수록, 여가에 소요되는 비용이 많을수록, 본인이나 배우자의 근로소득으로 생활을 하고, 자신의 집을 소유하고 있을수록 생활만족도는 높은 것으로 나타났다.
넷째, 노인의 심리적인 특성에 따른 생활만족도에서는 생활수준이 높은 편일수록, 건강할수록, 가정 분위기가 화목하고 고독감을 느끼지 않을수록 생활만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.
다섯째, 여가활동 유형에 따라 생활만족도는 어떠한 관계가 있는지를 살펴보았을 때 ‘건강 및 스포츠’ 활동을 참여하는 노인을 제외하고는 모두 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 즉, 오락 및 사교활동을 참여할수록, 자기개발활동 참여할수록, 가족중심활동에 많이 참여할수록 생활만족도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 그 다음으로 종교․사회․봉사활동과 관련된 여가활동을 많이 할수록 생활만족도가 높았고, 소일거리 활동을 하는 노인들도 생활만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.
이와 같은 연구 결과를 볼 때 길어진 노후 생활에 삶의 질 향상을 위해서는 체계적이고 우리 문화에 맞는 노인의 여가 프로그램 개발 및 참여가 있어야 하며, 또한 노인들을 위한 프로그램을 기획하고 운영하여야 할 기관이나 단체들은 노인들이 여가활동과 함께 생활만족도를 높일 수 있는 요인을 찾을 수 있는 환경과 프로그램 개발, 국가적 지원, 여가관련분야 전문가 양성이 중요하다고 본다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was performed to recognize what relation there are
for the old people’s life satisfaction in accordance with the pattern
of their leisure activities participation. For this purpose, the degree
of participation in the pattern of leisure activities and the life
satisfaction of old people was investigated and the necessity of
their leisure activities was empirically verified through the
correlation between them. In addition, investigating the various
variables influencing the pattern of leisure activities and life
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satisfaction of old people, with the verification that the old
people’s participation in the leisure activities affects positive
influence on the old people’s lives, present writer placed the
meaning of this study in showing the way to activate the leisure
activities in order to prove the importance of leisure activities in
old age and raise their life satisfaction.
The target of the survey for this study was the 280 male and
female elderly (the male elderly 162 and the female elderly 168)
living in Sunchon city and Gwangyang city of south Cheolla
province by the questionnaire survey. 350 questionnaires were
distributed and 313 ones among them were returned and total 280
ones were utilized for analysis after review.
Statistical data analysis was done through SPSS 19.0 program,
and Cronbach’s α was performed with the collected data and
frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation etc were
calculated and t-test, one way anova, correlation analysis were
utilized.
The results of this study can be briefed as follows.
First, the result investigating the degrees of old people’s
participation in the pattern of leisure activities and life satisfaction
showed pastime activities and family centered activities as the
most participating leisure activity pattern, self developing activities
and religious· social· service activities as the least participating
one. In addition, the result to look into the degree of life
satisfaction of those surveyed, showed higher figure than median
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to confirm most of the elderly were satisfied with their lives. Such
results were analyzed as they felt pleasure in their lives living
with their families without feeling loneliness in doing social and
leisure activities.
Second, in the comprehensive social demographic characteristic
of the elderly participating in the leisure activities pattern, it was
shown that the higher their level of lives was, the better their
family atmosphere was, the more they depended on their earned
incomes, the healthier they were, they participated more in their
leisure activities.
Third, in old people’s life satisfaction according to their general
characteristic, there were no meaningful differences in sex, religion,
the number of children however, it was shown that the lower
their age was, the higher their education level was, the more they
had and lived together with their spouses, the more they had
their pocket money except their living cost, the more they
consume in their leisure cost, the more they live on their or their
spouses’ earned incomes and the more they owned their houses,
the higher their life satisfaction was.
Fourth, in old people’s life satisfaction according to their
psychological characteristic, it was shown that the higher their
level of lives was, the healthier they were, the more harmonious
their family atmosphere was and the less they felt lonely, the
higher their life satisfaction was.
Fifth, when the life satisfaction were reviewed to find what
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relation there were according to the pattern of leisure activities, all
the old people other than those participated in the healthy and
sports activities, showed meaningful correlation. That is to say it
was shown that the more they participated in recreation and
social activities, the more they participated in self developing
activities, the more they participated in family centered activities,
their life satisfaction was higher. and the old people who did the
pastime activities showed high life satisfaction too.
Reviewing such study results, in order to improve the qualities
of the lives in the prolonged elderly lives, there should be the
developments and participations in the leisure programs for old
people which are systematic and appropriate to our culture,
moreover it is important to the institutes or bodies planning and
operating the programs for the old people to develop the
surroundings and programs enabling the old people to find the
factors to increase not only their leisure activities but their life
satisfaction, national support, fostering the experts related with
leisure.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ········································································································1
• 제 1 절 연구의 필요성 ·······································································1
• 제 2 절 연구 목적 및 연구 문제 ·····················································4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ·························································································6
• 제 1 절 노인의 개념 ···········································································6
• 1. 노인의 개념 및 특성 ································································6
• 2. 노인 인구의 수 ··········································································8
• 제 2 절 여가의 개념 ·········································································13
• 제 3 절 노인의 여가의 개념 및 유형 ··········································· 15
• 1. 노인 여가의 개념 ····································································15
• 2. 노인 여가활동의 유형 ····························································18
• 3. 노인 여가활동의 특성 및 중요성 ········································ 20
• 4. 노인 여가 시간 ········································································23
• 제 4 절 생활만족도의 개념 및 관련 이론 ··································· 24
• 1. 노인의 생활만족도 개념 ························································ 24
• 2. 노인의 생활만족도 관련 이론 ·············································· 26
• 제 5 절 노인의 여가활동과 생활만족도와의 관계 연구 ··········· 33
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 ·····························································································36
• 제 1 절 조사대상 및 연구방법 ······················································· 36
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• 제 2 절 조사 도구 ·············································································37
• 제 3 절 자료수집 및 분석방법 ······················································· 40
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 해석 ·············································································42
• 제 1 절 조사대상자의 사회 인구학적 특성 ································· 42
• 1. 조사대상자의 일반적인 특성 ················································ 42
• 2. 조사대상자의 심리적인 특성 ················································ 47
• 제 2 절 여가활동 유형의 참여 정도와 생활만족도의 정도 ····· 49
• 제 3 절 사회 인구학적 특성에 따른 노인 여가활동 유형 ······· 50
• 1. 사회 인구학적 특성에 따른 여가활동 참여 정도 ············ 50
• 2. 사회 인구학적 특성에 따른 여가활동 참여 유형 ············ 54
• 제 4 절 사회 인구학적 특성에 따른 노인의 생활만족도 ········· 77
• 1. 일반적인 특성에 따른 노인 생활만족도 ···························· 77
• 2. 심리적인 특성에 따른 노인 생활만족도 ···························· 80
• 제 5 절 조사대상자의 사회 인구학적 특성, 여가활동 유형 그리고
• 생활만족도 간의 관계 ························································ 81
• Ⅴ. 요약 및 결론 ······················································································84
• 제 1 절 요약 ·······················································································84
• 제 2 절 결론 및 제언 ·······································································88
• 참고문헌·····································································································92
• Abstract 98
• 부록(설문지) 102