In 2009, the reliability and leadership of the supreme leaders among USA, Germany, Great Britain, France, Russia, China, UN, and Iran were measured in 20 nations. According to the study result, about 61% responded President Obama was the most trustwor...
In 2009, the reliability and leadership of the supreme leaders among USA, Germany, Great Britain, France, Russia, China, UN, and Iran were measured in 20 nations. According to the study result, about 61% responded President Obama was the most trustworthy of all the leaders from the previously mentioned countries. As first African-American President, President Obama, whose dedication for the values of mutual cooperation and respect is renown, has come up to the surface as the center of world leadership. This demonstrates 'soft power' thatdraws people's voluntary adaption and approval is more effective than 'hard power' which has to do withmilitary and/or economic strength. This is the reason that many of the leading countries are jumping into the soft power growth competition, and the abstract values such as global reliability and reputation of the leaders are becoming more crucial.
To this day, reputation study has been conducted mainly towards corporate organizations, or individuals which mostly included CEO’s and celebrities. Reputation studies towards presidents that represent a whole nation are seldom conducted, and studies that do regard presidents are usually about their leadership. As the importance of the concept of reputation is constantly increasing, wedecided to apply this general idea of reputation to the presidents. First, composition factors to measure the president’s reputation were drawn, and through this, reputations for the past presidents were measured among various groups of stakeholders (i.e. common citizens, academia, civic group, the press, economic community). Furthermore, relationship between presidential composition factors, sense of unity, and loyalty was analyzed among each stakeholder. Presidents that were analyzedare former presidents Park Chung-Hee, Chun Doo-Hwan, Kim Young-Sam, Kim Dae-Jung and Roh Moo-Hyun.
The research questions were established as follows.
【RQ1】 What are the composition factors of a president’s reputation?
【RQ2】How are the perception levels towards the president’s reputation different among each stakeholder (common citizens, the press, academia, and the civic group)?
【RQ3】How does the president’s reputation affect each stakeholder’s (common citizens, the press, academia, and the civic group) sense of unity?
【RQ4】How do the president’s reputation and sense of unity affect each stakeholder’s (common citizens, the press, academia, and the civic group) loyalty?
【RQ5】How does relationship among the president’s reputation (President Park Chung-Hee, Chun Doo-Hwan, Kim Young-Sam, Kim Dae-Jung, and Roh Moo-Hyun), sense of unity, and loyalty appear?
To examine the result of 【Research Question 1】, 5 factors -<morality> factor, <economic management> factor, <communication ability> factor, <government administration management> factor, and <global competence> factor- were drawn as the composition factors for the president’s reputation.
The result of【Research Question 2】 shows that difference in each stakeholder’s perception levels in the president’s reputation is partially appearing except in President Park Chung-Hee. In particular, there partially appeared statistically significant difference in each stakeholder such as citizens, academia, civic group, the press, and the economic community.
Third, when we examined among five groups of stakeholders the causal relation between past presidents’ reputation and the sense of unity for 【Research Question 3】, the result showed it has statistical significance. However, the composition factors for the president’s reputation that affectall five groups of stakeholders’ sense of unity in common did not appear.
Fourth,【Research Question 4】was to examine the causal relation of each president’s reputation, sense of unity, and loyalty among the stakeholder groups. To do this, hierarchical regression analysis, which inputsindependent variables in order, was carried out. Result of <Model 1> confirmed that composition factors of the president’s reputations do have influence on loyalty. Although the result of <Model 2> drew differentiated results for each president and stakeholder, it shows the president’s reputation and sense of unity do affect loyalty.
Finally, the result of 【Research Question 5】confirms that the president’s reputation, sense of unity, and loyalty do have partial causality. Albeit the difference in result of each president, it can be said that, to some extent, there exists causal relation among them.
Morality, global competence, and capability to communicate and operate government administrationand economy, are the most obvious and necessary aspects needed in building the president's reputation. When one that holds all these aspects becomes the chief leader of a nation, he/she will be able to effectively cope during crisis, and also uplift the national strength and stature of Korea. One may question if there ever is a prepared leader from the beginning. However, someone who plans to run for the president and dreams of leading a nation, the largest organization, should face the fact that, in assessing the president’s reputation, there are more factors to consider that are different from those of a general corporation. This study is expected to provide references in which areas to manage, train and complement for those who wish to become president.