The purpose of this research lies in investigation the technology of design of Buddhist pagoda in Sabi period of Baekje is undisclosed from an archaeological excavation conducted by an examination of the form of pagoda and changes in the social aspect...
The purpose of this research lies in investigation the technology of design of Buddhist pagoda in Sabi period of Baekje is undisclosed from an archaeological excavation conducted by an examination of the form of pagoda and changes in the social aspects of Baekje, and etc. In this respect, the study was executed by distinguishing the lower part and the upper part of a pagoda focusing on the fact that the molding technolgoy of Baekje pagoda is an outcome of self-perpetuating technique of Baekje that has transferred its capital to Sabi and an outcome of a matured culture through foreign exchanges.
An egg-shaped pagoda, which has taken its presence in India, passed through the Gandhara and the countries bordering on Western China and changed into square-shaped pagoda. Furthermore, such a form has maintained its changed appearances according to Han-race's dynasties and non Han-race's dynasties again in China. Consequently, it is believed that such a difference in the fundamental structure has affected pagoda in the Korean Peninsula as well. Especially, the fact that not a single site of octagonal lower part of pagoda, which was only spotted in Goguryeo, was found in Baekje may be understood as an indication of the decision made in respect to selecting technologies for the protection of the pride in one’s home country.
Although the Han River has been lost, a fast development has been established since Wungjin-Period for Baekje along with an execution of moving the capital to Sabi. Since then, Baekje has confronted a new era of cultural out burst that was different from Hansung-Period and Wungjin-Period through an importation of Goguryeo cultures as well as an exchange with North and South Dynasties of China. In regards to the architectural aspect, new technologies such as pillar-wall structure, 2 chamber-1 building structure, inner foundation made by soil, and etc were applied and an important role of spread the architectural and engineering technologies to Japan was taken by maintaining Sagongbu, Gongdukbu, Mokbu, and experts named Baksa who were responsible for architecture and engineering.
There are in total of 37 places of Buddhistic Remains, which are confirmed of its presence since Wungjin-Period, confirmed from the time of moving the capital to Sabi until now, where a pagoda was spotted in 12 places of ruins among the total of 37 ruins. Such a location of temple, in respect to the movement of capita lto Sabi, has been selected based on Gungang Castle and Luoyang Castle of China. In accordance with the development stages of the capital city of Sabi, major Buddhist temples were constructed in the main locations. Especially, according to the result of examining the production ruler of excavated artifacts in respect to the fundamental ruler of architecture and engineering works in accordance with the movement of the capital city, a transfer from Namjocheok ruler to Dangcheok ruler through a time flow was confirmed and the examples of a partial use of Goguryeocheok ruler was also confirmed.
A study on the molding technology of Buddhist pagodas was carried out by dividing it into stereobate and body parts. First of all, the tilting construction and horizontal have been selected as contrasting construction methods for temple. The foundation of stereobate soil for the Buddhist temple itself was carried out by Gulgwangpanchuk-style, Jisangguchuk-style and a special method of Sakto-style in which the Gulgwangpanchuk-style was most frequently used in the foundation of stereobate soil. In addition, it was constructed as a Panchuk, including the mail-hall, where the foundation of the stereobate that presents a 1:1 ratio towards the building was identified. External stereobate generally was reported as a two-story stereobate from stone material, but the evidence of considering the existing lower foundation as a eave trough has been found through an analysis of pagoda site of Gunsurisaji, Neungsa, Wangheungsa.
The foundation, made simultaneously with the building of stereobate soil, was only spotted in the temple area of Miruksa Buddhist Temple, but its type, installation location, and etc were examinable due to the presence of cornerstone (center area) that supports the center pillar. Consequently, an incidence of the application as a Sari(Buddhist artifacts)-hole in addition to a function of the cornerstone itself was confirmed and at the same time the installation type could be distinguished into either basement type or ground-level type. Such a difference is presented similarly to the passage of time.
A gradual enlargement also took place in accordance with the passage of time for the surface area and the evidence regarding silsimchae(inner foundation of body part), which is the construction method of North Dynasties of China's Buddhist temples spotted in some Buddhist temple areas, was confirmed by making an attempt for the examination of column-matrix.
In regards to the temple body part, a study was carried out by distinguishing it into the wooden structure building and silsimchae building methods. As a result, super structure Building Method of South Dynasties of China's was identified in : Burial architectural clay , architectural drawings painted stone and brick of the Han dynasty, and etc for the original technique for founding wooden structures. Silsimchae building method was generally identified in Bukjo Yugu of China, where its applicability is confirmed in the Gunsurisaji Buddhist pagoda site. In addition, the silsimchae structure may be assumed in the Yongjeongrisaji Buddhist pagoda site that is constructed with a structure similar to the stereobate of a pagoda site in Jopengsung Buddhist Temple site.
As for the upper structure of the building, a partial section of the whole architectural structure was confirmed through Baekjae’s capitals types, such as Haang, lumber as sub material, wall-part for capitals, Hongduggyae Soil(soil for roof-supporting) and etc from the excavated artifacts and at the same time Soro(small parts for capitals) was restored by wall-part for capitals. In addition, although it was confirmed that there has been an influence from the currently existing artifacts and the type of actual Buddhist pagodas in Japan by a restoration of Baekje Buddhist pagodas, theupperstructureofthebuilding was understood.