아버지의 자녀양육 참여 , 성역할 고정관념, 유아 사회성과의 관계

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 아버지의 자녀양육 참여, 성역할 고정관념, 유아 사회성과의 관계를 알아보기 위한 연구이다. 연구 대상은 대구경상도 지역과 인천 지역에 위치한 어린이집 6곳, 유치원 4곳에 다니는 1세에서 7세까지의 유아 260명과 그 아버지들을 대상으로 하였으며 30명의 담임교사를 통해 유아의 사회성을 평정하였다.
아버지의 자녀양육 참여를 측정하기 위해 최경순(1992)의 측정도구를 사용하였다. 아버지의 성역할 고정관념을 알아보기 위해서는 김경수(1997)의 척도를 재구성하여 사용하였으며, 유아의 사회성을 측정하기 위해서는 곽노의 등(1998)이 개발한 유아발달 수준 검사와 김귀순과 이지은(2001)의 도구를 참고하여 이은정(2004)이 개발한 검사 도구를 수정 보완하여 사용하였다.
수집된 자료는 SPSSWIN 16.0 프로그램을 이용하였다. 각 측정도구의 신뢰도를 검사하기 위해 내적 합치도를 검증하는 신뢰도 계수(Cronbach's α )를 산출하였다. 연구대상의 일반적인 특성을 파악하기 위해 빈도와 백분율을 산출하였다. 사회 인구학적 변인에 따른 아버지의 자녀양육 참여, 성역할 고정관념 및 유아 사회성에 차이가 있는지를 알아보기 위해 t-test와 ANOVA, 사후검증(Scheffé)을 실시하였으며, 아버지의 자녀양육 참여, 성역할 고정관념, 유아 사회성간의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson의 상관분석을 실시하였다.
본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아버지의 자녀양육 참여의 일반적 수준은 척도의 점수범위를 기준으로 볼 때 중간 이상으로 나타났다. 아버지의 성역할 고정관념은 척도 점수의 중간수준 정도로 나타났다. 유아의 사회성은 척도 점수의 중간 이상으로 나타났다.
둘째, 사회 인구학적 변인(유아의 성별, 유아의 연령, 아버지의 학력, 어머니의 취업여부)에 따라 아버지의 자녀양육 참여, 성역할 고정관념 및 유아 사회성의 차이를 알아본 결과, 유아 연령에 따라 아버지의 자녀양육 참여 및 성역할 고정관념은 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 유아 사회성은 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 즉 5세 이상의 유아가 3세 이하의 유아보다 사회성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 아버지의 학력에 따라 성역할 고정관념, 유아의 사회성은 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 아버지의 자녀양육 참여의 경우 4년제 대학 이상 졸업한 아버지가 전문대학 이하 졸업한 아버지보다 자녀양육 참여가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다.
셋째, 아버지의 자녀양육 참여, 성역할 고정관념 및 유아 사회성의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과, 아버지의 성역할 고정관념은 아버지의 자녀양육 참여와 유의하게 부적 상관관계가 있다. 아버지의 성역할 고정관념이 강할수록 아버지의 자녀양육 참여가 낮다.
본 연구결과, 학력수준이 낮은 아버지들의 경우 자녀양육에 더 많이 참여하도록 부모교육 프로그램을 적극 실시할 필요가 있으며, 또한 아버지들의 자녀양육 참여를 높이기 위해서는 아버지들의 성역할 고정관념을 보다 남녀 평등적인 방향으로 변화시키는 노력이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

ABSTRACT

This study aims to explore the relationship among father's participation in childcare, gender role stereotypes, and infant sociality. Accordingly, it evaluates the sociality of 260 infants aged one to seven, who attend 6 nurseries and 4 kindergartens in Daegu, Gyeongsang‐do, and Incheon, Gyeonggi‐do, and their fathers by way of 30 class teachers.
For assessment of father's participation in childcare, this study uses measurement tools developed by Choi, Gyeong‐soon (1992). It reconstructs Kim, Gyeong‐soo's gauges (1997) for measurement of father's gender role stereotypes (1997). For analysis of infant sociality, it revises and complements Lee, Eun‐jeong's examination tools (2004) with referring to infant development test of Gwak, No‐eui et al. (1998) and Kim, Gui‐soon and Lee, Ji‐eun's tools (2001).
This study applies the SPSSWIN 16.0 program to the collected data herein. To evaluate the reliability of specific measurement tools, it calculates a coefficient of reliability (Cronbach's α) which is widely available for verification of internal consistency. Both frequency and percentage are calculated for understanding of general features of study subjects hereof. This study undertakes t‐test, ANOVA, and post‐hoc test (Scheffé) to examine whether socio‐demographic variables cause differences in father's participation in childcare, gender role stereotypes, and infant sociality while conducting Pearson's correlation analysis for evaluation of the correlation among father's participation in childcare, gender role stereotypes, and infant sociality.
Overall, this study's results are as follows: First, general status of father's participation in childcare exceeds the middle level based upon the measure mark. Father's gender role stereotypes indicate the middle level ure mark, and infant sociality is above the middle level of the measure mark.
Second, with regard to differences in father's participation in childcare, gender role stereotypes, and infant sociality driven by socio‐demographic variables (infant's gender and age, father's educational backgrounds, and mother's employment status), father's participation in childcare and gender role stereotypes show no significant gap according to infant's age, but there appears a meaningful difference in infant sociality. In other words, infants aged more than five display their higher level of sociality compared with those aged less than three.
Father's academic of the measbackgrounds result in no significant gap in gender stereotypes and infant sociality. As for father's participation in childcare, however, graduates of a four‐year university or more record higher participation in childcare compared with graduates of a junior college or less.
Third, father's gender role stereotypes have a significant negative correlation with father's participation in childcare according to analysis of the correlation among father's participation in childcare, gender role stereotypes, and infant sociality. Higher level of father's gender role stereotypes leads to lower level of father's participation in childcare.
In conclusion, this study highlights the necessity of actively implementing education programs for parents with lower level of academic backgrounds to broaden their involvement in childcare. Moreover, father's gender role stereotypes need to shift its focus to greater emphasis on gender equality as part of efforts to expand father's participation in childcare.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ·························································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ······················································································1
• 2. 연구문제 ···············································································································5
• 3. 용어의 정의···········································································································6
• Ⅱ . 이론적 배경·············································································7
• 1. 아버지의 자녀양육 참여 ···················································································7
• 1) 아버지의 자녀양육 참여의 개념 및 의의 ····················································7
• 2) 아버지의 자녀양육 참여와 사회인구학적 변인과 관계 ···························12
• 2. 아버지의 성역할 고정관념···············································································14
• 1) 아버지성역할 고정관념의 개념 및 의의······················································14
• 2) 아버지의 성역할 고정관념과 사회인구학적 변인과의 관계·····················16
• 3. 유아의 사회성 ···································································································18
• 1) 유아의 사회성 개념 및 의의 ······································································18
• 2) 유아의 사회성과 사회인구학적인 변인과의 관계······································20
• 4. 아버지의 자녀양육 참여, 성역할 고정관념, 유아 사회성간의 관계 ········23
• Ⅲ . 연구방법················································································27
• 1. 연구대상 ············································································································27
• 2. 측정도구 ············································································································29
• 1) 아버지의 자녀양육 참여 ···············································································29
• 2) 성역할 고정관념 ····························································································29
• 3) 유아 사회성·····································································································30
• 3. 연구절차 ·············································································································30
• 4. 자료 처리 ···········································································································31
• Ⅳ . 연구결과 ···············································································32
• 1. 아버지의 자녀양육 참여, 성역할 고정관념, 유아 사회성의 일반적 수준 ·········································································································32
• 2. 사회인구학적인 변인에 따른 아버지의 자녀양육 참여, 성역할 고정관념, 유아 사회성의 차이··········································································33
• 3. 아버지의 자녀양육 참여, 성역할 고정관념, 유아 사회성의 상관관계······36
• Ⅴ . 논의 및 결론···········································································38
• 참고문헌 ·····················································································46
• 부록 ··························································································