폭력피해자와 일하는 사회복지사의 직무특성과 심리적 자원 및 이차적 외상 스트레스 = Job Charateristics, Psychological Resources & Secondary Traumatic Stress of Social-Workers Working with Viloence Survivors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of job characteristics and psychological resources on the secondary traumatic stress of social-workers working with child abuse, spouse abuse and sexual assault survivors. This study also examines whether and how social workers are prove to be at risk for suffering from secondary traumatic stress as they are indirectly exposed to client's traumatic experiences. Secondary traumatic stress can adversely impact social workers' personal well-being. Stressed practitioners may perform poorly that results poor quality of service to the clients. Secondary traumatic stress literature and theoretical perspectives imply that social workers' psychological resources can affect their secondary traumatic stress experience. Self-efficacy and strong sense of calling can be protective factors for workers' vulnerability toward secondary traumatic stress. That is, psychological resources are affected by job characteristics and psychological resources influence their secondary traumatic stress.
Using cross-sectional survey, the study participants were recruited from workers listed in the web pages of child protective centers, shelters for the domestic violence and sexual assault nation-wide. A survey questionnaire was mailed to 233 participants each.
Secondary traumatic stress was measured using Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale(Bride, Robinson, Yegidis & Figley, 2001), Job Characteristics with Maslach's(1978) Client Scale and Jayaratne's(1982) Job Description Index. For psychological resources, Park's(1994) Sense of Calling Scale, and Kim's(1996) Self-Efficacy Scale were used. All are 5 point Likert scale measurement. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, factor analysis, correlation, t-test, F-test with Duncan post-hoc test using SPSS 12.0 program. To test the mediation effect of psychological resources, Baron & Kenny's(1986) conditions were examined and path analysis was employed.

The results of this study were as follows:
First, the current research participants exhibited relatively high level of secondary traumatic stress. 64.8% of the social workers showed above cut-off scores. Also, social-workers working with abused children showed higher secondary traumatic stress level than others.
Second, secondary traumatic stress level was presented to be different according to gender, education level, marital status, job position, and the type of main task. Younger, unmarried, no post graduate degree, who work with abused children were most vulnerable. Social workers perceiving more positively about interviews and work challenges predict lower levels of secondary traumatic stress. Job characteristics predict psychological resources variables, and expected to have a significant negative relationship with secondary traumatic stress. Positive attitude toward interviewing client and work challenge related to higher perception of psychological resources. Also higher psychological resources predict lower secondary traumatic stress.
Third, the mediation effect of psychological resources were found. It revealed that the sense of calling and self-efficacy have mediation effects between job characteristics and secondary traumatic stress. Especially, the path was significant between the sense of calling and self-efficacy, and the sense of calling has more precedent effect of mediation than self-efficacy on secondary traumatic stress.
In conclusion, it was found that the secondary traumatic stress was highly influenced by interview characteristics among all the variables, and it is interpreted that such psychological resources as the sense of calling and self-efficacy can be regarded as protective factors. The precedency of sense of calling to the self-efficacy in the mediating effect over secondary traumatic stress is also an important research finding.
Study findings yield several social work implications. The relatively high prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among the social workers in this study calls attention for agencies acknowledging the existence of secondary traumatic stress and possible remediating approaches. The relationship between job characteristics and secondary traumatic stress suggests enhancing. Positive work challenges and providing support for practitioner who interviews difficult clients. Moreover, at the mediation effect of psychological resources that nurturance of worker's psychological resources in the organization will be a strong booster to fight for secondary traumatic stress among it's workers.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성과 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 5
• 3. 연구모형 6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 7
• 1. 이차적 외상 스트레스 7
• 2. 직무특성과 이차적 외상 스트레스 10
• 3. 심리적 자원과 이차적 외상 스트레스 13
• 4. 직무특성, 심리적 자원과 이차적 외상 스트레스 15
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 18
• 1. 연구대상 및 기간 18
• 2. 측정도구 19
• 3. 자료분석 22
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 해석 23
• 1. 조사대상자의 일반적 배경 23
• 2. 일반적 배경에 따른 직무특성, 심리적 자원, 이차적 외상
• 스트레스 31
• 3. 직무특성이 폭력피해자와 일하는 사회복지사의 이차적
• 외상 스트레스에 미치는 영향: 심리적 자원의 매개 모델 37
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 50
• 1. 요약 및 논의 50
• 2. 결론 및 제언 58
• 참고문헌 61
• Abstract 66
• 질 문 지 70