So in this study, we analyzed historical facts and printed books from the period of the Three to Chosun Dynasty in view of transmission, compilation, and the process of publication. In addition, the study carried out diachronic analysis and the regio...
So in this study, we analyzed historical facts and printed books from the period of the Three to Chosun Dynasty in view of transmission, compilation, and the process of publication. In addition, the study carried out diachronic analysis and the regional trendency of publication in printed books. In esoteric buddist Sutras that has engraving, we examined the pattern of engraving, the content, the formation, and the presentation of it. Among them, we also tried to look into the relation and systematic lineage of printed books.
To grasp the outline of esoteric buddist Sutra, documentary records and printed books that kept in various institution and college were analyzed. Consequently, the results derived from the analysis are summarized as follows ;
1. Buddhist Sutras related to ‘SooRyukJae(水陸齋)’ is up to 91 times in Chosun Dynasty, that means the most frequently published book at the times. Among them ≪SooRyukMooChaPeungDeungJaeYiChalYo(水陸無遮平等齋儀撮要)≫ was most frequently
published book in esoteric Buddhist Sutra.
≪SooRyukMooChaPeungDeungJaeYiChalYo(水陸無遮平等齋儀撮要)≫ has 9 featured origin, and every origin has a different system, text, engraving, so forth.
They are various from the book published in MoonSoo-temple(文殊寺) at 1533 to 1724 at HaeIn-temple(海印寺).
2. We could know the body and the engraving of Buddihist sutras is reengraved from not the same book but another different book in systematic edition.
The example of first case is like in ≪GwanSeUmBoSal-RyungHumRyakCho(觀世音菩薩靈驗略抄)≫ in 1728, this edition varies 1716 at GamRo-Temple(甘露寺), 1728 at BoHyun-Temple(普賢寺) and another edition of 20th century. Particularly the edition of 1728 has engraving which originated from the edition of 1716, that is the case reencarving the engraving and the content.
Whereas there are 3 kinds the edition of ≪NungUmKyung(楞嚴經)≫ in Chosun Dynasty, in which the edition of 1682 and 1692 have the same text, but engravings in the book are newly carved.
3. In some cases, Buddhist sutras that have engraving also used to reuse the engraving from other sutras or another book with the same name in different systema
tic linage.
The example of first case is ≪JeJinUnJip(諸眞言集)≫ published at 1777. It was originated from the edition of 1569, 1688, 1777, 1800. Among them the edition of 1777 has Buddha's hand shape that is ‘HwaChonSoo(畵千手)’ is the same origin of ≪GwanSeUmBoSal-RyungHumRyakCho(觀世音菩薩靈驗略抄)≫ in 1716 at GamRo-Temple (甘露寺). The example of the last pattern is ≪BulJungSim-DaraniKyung(佛頂心陀羅尼經)≫ in BongBul-Temple(奉佛庵) at 1631 and ≪BulSeol-YeoSooSiWangSengChilKyung(佛說預修十王生七經)≫ in HeungRyul-temple(興栗寺).
Especially ZeungSim-Temple(證心寺) edition of ≪BulSeol-YeoSooSiWangSengChilKy
ung(佛說預修十王生七經)≫ has the record like ‘ShinSaOoWool(辛巳五月).’ About this record, most previous study judged the year published was 1401, but the right year was considered 1641.
4. In the origin of engraving at Buddhist sutras, we can assume the original root of engraving which is included in ≪GwanSeUmBoSal-RyungHumRyakCho(觀世音菩薩靈驗略抄)≫ was originated from Japanese book, and the engraving of ≪BulJungSim-Dara
niKyung(佛頂心陀羅尼經)≫ was reengraved one in Chinese book.
Engraving in ≪BulJungSim-DaRaNiKyung(佛頂心陀羅尼經)≫ is alike that of the edition in China, but in Korea a little transform was applied to that. The edition of Chosun Dynasty has different scheme, pattern, and little difference in the people, record, clothes in the engraving. It means that book published in Korea has little transform, but its basic root was in Chinese book in Ming Dynasty(明朝).
5. Meanwhile ≪SangKyoJungBon-JaBiDoRyangCharmBup(詳校正本慈悲道場懺法)≫ is affected by ≪JaBiDoRyangCharmBup(慈悲道場懺法)≫ of China. Also little change is done. The engraving of ≪SangKyoJungBon-JaBiDoRyangCharmBup(詳校正本慈悲道場懺法)≫ is named ‘YangWhangBoChamDo(梁皇寶懺圖)’ and ‘BulSangDo(佛像圖)’, ‘YangWhangBoChamDo(梁皇寶懺圖)’ in the ≪SangKyoJungBon-JaBiDoRyangCharmByup
(詳校正本慈悲道場懺法)≫ of 1352 is similar to that of 1282, we could estimate the same origin of that book or reengraving of the same book.
The engraving of ≪JaBiDoRyangCharmBup(慈悲道場懺法)≫ in Koryo Dynasty is similar that of SeoHa(西夏) edition in China, but the engravings is newly engraved with refernece to that of China. In the edition of Chosun Dynasty has little difference in presentation of Buddist scheme and the shape of Buddist finger with no ‘YangHwangBupChamDo(梁皇寶懺圖).’
6. The systematic origin of ≪ODaeJinUn(五大眞言)≫ is divided to edition of WonTong-Temple(圓通菴) at 1484 and the edition with the support of Royal family in 1485. The latter is made with the support of royal family. This two editions also have a little difference in detail.
Besides, among the edition originated from the support of Royal family, the PalSangDo(八相圖) included in book published at Chol-temple(哲菴) of 1555, but we could not imagine the exact reason of the transform.
7. The edition of ≪HyunHangSeoBangKyung(現行西方經)≫ was 4 kinds. That is in the year of 1448 at JikJi-temple(直旨寺), 1531 at ChilBul-temple(七佛寺), 1556 at ShinGwang-temple(神光寺), 1710 at ChilBul-temple(七佛寺). In case of ≪JangSooKyung≫, there are the edition of 1378 in Koryo Dynasty, and in the period of Chosun Dynasty threre are another four kinds of edition that is in the year of 1443, 1452, 1730. Among them, the edition of 1378 has a distinguished feature of condensed text and engraved image, that is related repentance of abortion.
8. The edition of ≪YeoNyumMiTaDoRyangChamBup(禮念彌陀道場懺法)≫ is 2 kinds, but each has different Buddist image and the shape of Buddist finger. Among the book pubished in one or two times, the book that has one same pattern of engraving is like ≪JoonJeJeungUp(准提淨業)≫, ≪GwanUmYoungGwa(觀音靈課)≫, ≪HyunHangS
eoBangKyung(現行西方經)≫, ≪SeonMoonJoSa-YeoChamYiMoon(禪門祖師禮懺儀文)≫,
≪BulSeol-SooSaengKyung(佛說壽生經)≫. The engraving in ≪JoonJeJeungUp(准提淨業)≫ named ‘SooWool-GwanUmDo(水月觀音圖)’ and ‘BaekYi-GwanUmDo(白衣觀音圖)’, the engraving of ≪GwanUmYoungGwa(觀音靈課)≫ is altogether reengraving of the edition of Ming Dynasty in China. Also ‘HyunHaengBup-JeonSooDo(現行法傳受圖)’ in ≪HyunHangSeoBangKyung(現行西方經)≫ and ‘AMiTa-SamJonDo(阿彌陀三尊圖)’ in ≪SeonMoonJoSa-YeoChamYiMoon(禪門祖師禮懺儀文)≫ is originally engraved by our engraver in Korea.