빈곤이 아동발달에 미치는 영향경로에 대한 통합적 분석

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to suggest that in conducting the impact pathway analysis of poverty on children's development, children's physically near environments such as their own living environment and their neighborhood environment as well as investment in human capital and parental attitudes toward child-rearing play a major role in children's development. Also this study is to verify that the impact pathway of poverty on children's development varies depending on children's gender and school age.
In order to achieve the purpose of the research, this study analyzed the structural relationships among poverty on children's development, children's living environment, their neighborhood environment, investment in human capital and parental attitudes toward child-rearing, using the data found in the recent comprehensive survey of 3,445 children aged 9 to 18 on their living conditions. For the data analysis, SPSS 17.0 was adopted for descriptive statistics of each variable, reliability analysis, t-test, ANOVA and a correlation and AMOS 7.0 was adopted for the analysis of the Structural Equation Model.
The results of this study focusing on the major variables are followed. First, It was found that poverty affects the overall areas of children's development. It was also verified that poverty has negative effects on children's physical and cognitive development and static effects on their psycho-social development. Second, It was found that poverty has direct effects on the children's physical, cognitive and psycho-social development. The mediated effects of parental attitudes toward child-rearing was verified in the relationship between poverty and children's physical development. The mediated effects of investment in human capital and parental attitudes toward child-rearing was verified in the relationship between poverty and children's cognitive and psycho-social development. Third, It was found that poverty has direct effects on children's physical and cognitive development. The mediated effects of children's living environment and their neighborhood environment was verified in the relationship between poverty and children's physical and cognitive development. The mediated effects of children's neighborhood environment was verified in the relationship between poverty and children's psycho-social development.
Forth, when the analyzing results of poverty's effects on children's development through children's living environment, their neighborhood environment, investment in human capital and parental attitudes toward child-rearing were examined, it was found that poverty not only has direct effects on children's physical development but also affects physical development through children's living environment, their neighborhood environment and parental attitudes toward child-rearing. It was also verified that poverty has direct effects on children's cognitive development through children's living environment, investment in human capital and parental attitudes toward child-rearing. Fifth, when the analyzing results were examined to find out whether the impact pathway of poverty on children's development varies depending on children's gender and school age, it was found that there are differences in some pathways. In terms of cognitive development, a group of male students was found to be much more affected by poverty than their female counterparts. The impact pathway where children's living environment depending on their school age affects investment in human capital was proved to be significant only in a group of middle and high school students. In terms of the impact pathway where poverty affects children's living environment, middle and high school students were found to be more affected than their elementary counterparts. Also, in terms of the impact pathway where children's living environment affects their cognitive development, middle and high school students were found to be more affected than their elementary counterparts.
The theoretical implications of this study are followed. First, the study was to verify multilateral impact pathways of poverty on children's development. Especially, it recognized the fact that in the previous studies, children's physically near environments such as their own living environment and their neighborhood environment have been overlooked. In this regard, the study verified the impact pathways of children's living environment and their neighborhood environment along with investment in human capital and parental attitudes toward child-rearing in the course of poverty's effects on children's development, thus supplementing the limitations of the previous studies. Another significance of this study can be found from the fact that this study analyzed the impact pathways from much more integrated aspects. Second, the study conducted a positive verification of the affecting relationships among each mediated variable by analyzing the impact pathway of poverty on children's development with its variables including children's living environment, their neighborhood environment, investment in human capital and parental attitudes toward child-rearing in one model. Thus the study can be regarded signigicant because it suggested and verified a new model which helped understand the relationships among variables mediating poverty's effects on children's development in more comprehensive and in-depth ways. By verifying the relative effects of each mediated variable as well as the mechanism of their interactive effects, the study also supplemented the limitations of the previous studies which have explained the impact pathways of poverty on children's development in the separate ways.
Third, the study produced an implication that strategies to deal with children in poverty should be more flexible by proving that the impact pathway of poverty on children's development varies depending on children's gender and school age.
The practical and policy implications of this study are followed. First, the results of this study shows that variables mediating the effects of poverty should be paid more attention to, in order to alleviate the effects of poverty on children's development. Dealing with children in poverty should include measures not only for supporting their family financially but also for improving investment in human capital and parental attitudes toward child-rearing as well as their neighborhood environment, by conducting a verification of mediated effects of children's living environment, their neighborhood environment, investment in human capital and parental attitudes toward child-rearing in the relationship between poverty and children's development. There should be an intervention to the unfavorable and inadequate living environment caused by poverty. There should be an intervention to other impact pathways, especially children's neighborhood environment and an intervention to support the education of children in poverty is also required. This study verified that parental attitudes toward child-rearing has a mediated effect on the impact pathway of poverty on their children's development. Their attitudes toward child-rearing was proved to affect the overall development areas of their children. In this regard, an education program for parents in poverty should be established to educate them about children's development. Last, the impact pathway of poverty on children's development is proved to vary depending on children's gender and school age. This implies that differentiated interventions should be provided depending on the characters of children. And this also proves that much more detailed and concrete study should be conducted on the impact pathway of poverty.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 1
• 제2장 이론적 배경 4
• 제1절 빈곤과 아동발달에 대한 관련이론 고찰 4
• 1. 인적자본투자이론 4
• 2. 가족과정모델 4
• 3. 아동발달에 미치는 환경 관련 이론들 5
• 제2절 빈곤이 영향경로의 주요 매개변수 7
• 1. 인적자본투자 7
• 2. 부모의 양육태도 8
• 3. 주거환경 9
• 4. 이웃환경 11
• 제3절 영향경로에 대한 관련 연구 12
• 제3장 연구방법 15
• 제1절 연구모형 15
• 제2절 연구문제 18
• 제3절 분석자료 19
• 제4절 변수의 구성, 정의, 측정 20
• 1. 아동발달 20
• 2. 빈곤 21
• 3. 매개변수 21
• 제5절 분석방법 24
• 제4장 연구결과 25
• 제1절 조사대상자의 일반적 특성 25
• 제2절 주요변수의 특성 27
• 1. 주요변수의 기술통계치 27
• 2. 주요변수의 자료특성과 분포특성 29
• 3. 주요 변수들 간의 상관관계 38
• 제3절 기본가정 및 측정모형 분석 41
• 1. 주요 변수의 결측치와 정규성 41
• 2. 확인적 요인분석 42
• 제4절 구조모형 분석 47
• 1. 빈곤이 아동발달에 미치는 영향: 직접 효과 47
• 2. 빈곤이 아동발달에 미치는 영향: 매개효과 모형 49
• 3. 빈곤이 아동발달에 미치는 영향: 통합매개모형 55
• 4. 빈곤이 아동발달에 미치는 영향: 성별과 학령 비교분석 58
• 제5장 결론 66
• 제1절 연구결과 요약 66
• 제2절 연구의 함의 68
• 1. 이론적 함의 68
• 2. 실천 및 정책적 함의 70
• 3. 연구의 한계 72
• 참고문헌 73
• 부록 81