Recently, problems regarding marital adjustment of cancer patients are recognized as serious matter of concern for it had been reported that these issues have severe negative
effects on relationship stability within marriage. Researches revealed that...
Recently, problems regarding marital adjustment of cancer patients are recognized as serious matter of concern for it had been reported that these issues have severe negative
effects on relationship stability within marriage. Researches revealed that aforementioned negative effects are partner abandonment, separation and divorce among others. It is noteworthy how marital adjustment is found to be critical for the cancer patient's mental stability, healing process and chances of survival as reported in the research. People working in this particular field of social service must focus their attention and strive for the betterment of marital adjustment.
Research regarding the cases in other countries was focused on the psychological stress that the cancer patients and their spouses undergo due to illnesses such as breast cancer, prostate cancer and the like. The effects that the stress have on marriage had been researched as well. Moreover, various aspects of marital adjustment which includes satisfaction level of the cancer patients and their spouses and how these factors affect the patient's psychosocial adjustment, quality of life, healing progress, chances of survival, etc., have been evaluated.
Affective relationship of the variables related to marital adjustment has been examined in order to lay out the foundation for the basis of clinical intervention which may strengthen the marital relationship between the cancer patient and the spouse. In contrast, small numbers of researches conducted within Korea are about the role of the spouse of cancer patient and how the spouse may affect the patient's quality of life, adapting and the importance of his or her support. However, research about the marital adjustment is almost non-existent in Korea.
Thus, the ultimate goal of this research is to contribute to improvement of the stable relationship and also to formulate the social service related strategy for marriage adjustment for married cancer patient married couples in Korea. This research will surpass the limits of the previous researches regarding cancer married couple patients for aforementioned purposes.
First of, the dyadic data had been analyzed with the analysis method that consider the husband and wife as one unit in with spouse reciprocality in mind. Secondly, the discussions regarding marital adjustment had been focused on gender related cancer and thus diverse types of cancer had been assessed. Lastly, since the basis of previous researches did not view the married couple as organic unit but deducted the relationship through the theories that view the married couple as separate entities, this research used Karney and Bradbury's (1995) Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation (USA) that provide integrated understanding about relationship between husband and wife to deduct the research model.
Based on this, Actor and Partner Interdependence Model was formed in order to observe how stress affect each cancer patient and the spouse regarding the marital adjustment, effect that it has on communication of the married couple, how the communication of the married couple affects marital adjustment and how this has an actor effect as well as partner effect.
In order to authenticate this research model, dyadic data which sample the cancer patient and the spouse as a pair. Survey was conducted as the cancer patients who had been diagnosed with cancer and their respective spouses. The survey was taken from 160 married couples which totals to 320 people all together. In order to check the theories regarding the relationships between the variables and to evaluate the appropriateness of the research model, structural equation model was used. The collected data went through the technical statistical analysis through SPSS 12.0. For structural equation model analysis and research theory verification, AMOS 5.0 version was used.
To conclude the important findings and the main content of this research is as follows.
Firstly, the cancer patient and the spouse have a significant relationship in marital adjustment. Through this, it had been concluded that marital adjustment is not separated but co-dependent with dynamic relationship.
Secondly, after the analysis of the measurement model, it was verified that each measurement variants are meaningfully explaining each variables. Goodness-of-fit-index that verified the measurement model and the structural model had been validated to have accommodation possibility.
Thirdly, in the relationship of marital adjustment and stress of cancer patient and the spouse, the stress had significant negative effect for each marital adjustment. The effect on the other person was a negative relationship but it was not significant.
Fourth, the relationship between stress and the married couple’s communication and the patient's stress had significant negative relationship in mutual constructive communication, demand-withdrawal communication and mutual avoidance communication, having significant positive effect to them. On the other aspect, the spouse's stress had significant positive relationship in one's demand-withdrawal communication and mutual avoidance communication but the negative effect it has on one's mutual constructive communication did not seem to be of any significance. Regarding stress and married couple’s communication and the partner effect, the patient's stress had been proven to have significant positive effect on the spouse's demand-withdrawal communication. Moreover, the comparative effect was verified through equality constrained model and it has shown that the partner effect that patient's stress has on demand-withdrawal communication and the stress of the spouse that affects one's demand-withdrawal communication on self effect had proved to be significant.
Fifth, the mutual constructive communication had proven to have a significant positive effect on one's marital adjustment. In demand-withdrawal communication, its negative effect on the self effect was found to be significant in both the patient and the spouse to both of their marital adjustment. Mutual avoidance communication had shown to only cause significant negative effect on self effect to the patient. In verifying the partner effect, there was no significant partner effect on mutual constructive communication and mutual avoidance communication. Significant negative effect was caused by patient's demandwithdrawal communication in partner effect on the spouse's marital adjustment.
When the patient's partner effect and the spouse's self effect is compared through equivalent constraint model, there was no significant difference in the basic model thereby concluded that there is no significant difference between these two effects.
The theoretical implications that this research came up with through these results are as follows.
First, it is meaningful in a way that this study is about marital adjustment of the cancer patient and the spouse and how these are mutual co-dependent in nature to provide the basis for future studies. Also, it is meaningful in a sense that Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation was expanded and applied to cancer patient married couples.
Secondly, the Actor and Partner Interdependence Model that considers mutual codependence was used and thereby affirming the findings of this research through verifying the self-effect and the partner effect.
Thirdly, this study provided a deeper understanding of communication between married couples’ communication process by specifically categorizing it into three types which are mutual constructive communication, demand-withdrawal communication and mutual avoidance communication
Fourthly, it is meaningful in the sense that this study went beyond the scope of previous researches regarding gender related cancer and evaluated various types of cancer to advance the understanding of this subject matter.
The applicable implications of this study are as follows.
First, this study raised the point that the spouse of the patient needs to be helped since the spouse has high level of stress and low marital adjustment as well as the importance of managing stress for both the cancer patient and the spouse for the sake of marital adjustment.
Secondly, it was found out through this study that there is a high significant relationship between the cancer patient and the spouse’s marital adjustment. Through this finding, it raises the necessity to intervene and help the married couple as one unit for providing better social service for marital adjustment of married couple with cancer patient as the spouse.
Thirdly, the patient’s stress had significant partner effect on the spouse’s emandwithdrawal communication and thereby raising the issue regarding the importance of stress management of the patient in order to improve the quality of communication skill of the spouse.
Future suggestions for further research in the future regarding this subject matter with the limitations of this study as the basis, there should be various evaluations regarding the concepts of marital adjustment firstly with Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation model with variables regarding permanent vulnerability and marital adjustment processes.
Secondly, there needs to be tools developed regarding cancer patient’s stress, communication of married couples, marital adjustment which would be suitable for Korean culture.
Third, marital adjustment is a continual concept that goes together with time and thereby needs to be researched continuously and needs to be studied further with various methods such as qualitative research, et al. Lastly, there is a need for comprehensive evaluation through a large organization that can provide large samples.