상사의 공감수준이 부하의 복무적응에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to identify how much the superior's level of empathy influences the subordinate's adaptation to military service by using self-control and self-efficacy as variables. This study sampled 86 superiors and 475 subordinates, a total of 561 soldiers from 21 units. It used 7 methods of measurement with 138 survey questions. For superiors, cognitive, emotive and linguistic empathy was used as variables. For subordinates, military service adaptation, self-control, self-efficacy and individual perception of superior's empathy was used as variables. Moreover, the study includes interviews with 90 people including soldiers and military experts about empathy and barrack conditions related to adaptation. The study complied the materials with SPSS ver 12.0. Overall data analysis was accomplished through Frequency Analysis, t-test, Oneway ANOVA, Regression Analysis, AMOS Structure model Analysis and Scheff？ Post Hoc test. Following are the results of the study.
First, the study used Barrett-Lennard model to investigate the level and the relationship of empathy between superiors and subordinates. Moreover, it used evaluation tools that are suitable considering military conditions.
Second, the superior's level of empathy influences the subordinate's military service adaptation. Especially, when the research applied self-control and self-efficacy as variables, soldiers performed better in adapting to the military environment.
Third, superior's self cognitive empathy does not affect subordinate's adaptation on military service, but subordinate's cognitive empathy on superiors has great influence on their adaptation to military service. This means that the subordinate's cognitive empathy act as a core variable for the evaluation of the level of empathy and for the adaptation to military service.
Fourth, There are substantial cognitive gaps between the superior's subjective empathy and the subordinate's cognitive empathy on their superiors.
Fifth, company commanders and first sergeants are often open to new ideas and are receptive. Especially, company commanders' level of empathy has a great influence on the subordinate's adaptation to military service.
Sixth, the subordinate's cognitive empathy on the superiors has great influence on self-control and self-efficacy. Moreover, the higher the subordinate's level of self-control and self-efficacy, the better they adapt to military service.
Lastly, There is a cognitive gap between the superior's and the subordinate's level of empathy. Especially, the superior's level of empathy act as an influential variable for not only subordinate's adaptation to military service but also to the demonstration of combat power. Moreover, it is difficult for superiors to practice empathy due to the distinct environment that the barrack provides. As a result, the soldiers have to acknowledge such distinct conditions and develop various ways to overcome such difficulties. For superiors to practice empathy and manage the organization, they have to change their perception on subordinates, understand subordinate's difficulties and exchange ideas with candid mind. Moreover, superiors should applause and respect subordinates and make a clear distinction between public and private matters. They have to keep composure and stay away from using foul language. Lastly, development and application of empathy training programs that can be recognized by subordinates should be made.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 및 범위 5
• 3. 연구방법 6
• 4. 용어정의 6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 8
• 1. 군의 특성 8
• 1) 군 조직의 특성 8
• 2) 신세대 장병의 특성 10
• 3) 병영에서의 공감과 리더십 13
• 2. 공 감 16
• 1) 공감의 개념 16
• 2) 공감의 구성요소와 관계 20
• 3) 공감수준 29
• 3. 적 응 31
• 1) 적응의 일반적 개념 31
• 2) 병영에서의 복무적응 33
• 3) 복무적응에서의 정서적 환경 요인 37
• 4. 자기통제력과 자기효능감 39
• 1) 자기통제력과 자기효능감의 개념 39
• 2) 자기통제력과 자기효능감 관련변인 관계 41
• Ⅲ. 연구모형 및 가설 43
• 1. 연구모형 43
• 2. 연구가설 45
• Ⅳ. 연구방법 46
• 1. 연구절차 46
• 2. 연구대상 47
• 3. 측정도구 47
• 1) 척도 예비검사 48
• 2) 최종 확정된 본 검사척도 57
• 4. 검사실시 60
• 5. 자료분석 60
• Ⅴ. 연구결과 62
• 1. 기본자료 분석 62
• 2. 상사의 공감수준과 부하의 복무적응 관계 분석 69
• 1) 상사의 공감수준과 부하의 복무적응 관계 70
• 2) 부하의 자기통제력과 자기효능감과 복무적응 관계 73
• 3) 상사의 공감수준과 부하의 복무적응·매개변인 관계 74
• 3. 상사 공감, 부하지각 공감과 복무적응 관계 분석 76
• 1) 상사 공감과 부하가 지각한 공감의 차이 76
• 2) 상사 공감과 부하의 복무적응 관계 78
• 3) 부하가 지각한 공감과 복무적응 관계 78
• 4) 상사 공감과 부하의 복무적응·매개변인 관계 79
• 5) 부하가 지각한 공감과 복무적응·매개변인 관계 81
• 4. 장병 및 군 전문가 인터뷰 결과 83
• Ⅵ. 논 의 88
• Ⅶ. 결 어 98
• 1. 요약 및 결론 98
• 2. 제 언 100
• 참고문헌 103
• 국문초록 117
• 영문초록 119
• 부 록 121