시스템 다이내믹스를 활용한 친환경건축물 인증평가항목의 동태모형 개발 = Dynamic modeling of green building certification assessment factors using system dynamics|RISS 상세보기

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the second half of the twentieth century, fast urbanization and indiscreet development caused lots of urban problems such as destruction of the ecosystem and environmental pollution.
Thus, in the architectural arena both in and out of Korea, efforts to protect the environment and make a sustainable development have been actively made, and a green building certification system came into operation as a way to institutionalize these efforts.
Despite the efforts, however, a critical analysis shows that the certification system has not been properly contributing to the improvement of the environment quality. In the midst of these problems that are brought up, this study focuses on the current certification system being assessed by the primary relationships of its criteria and on environmental's assessment being carried out by the static assessment method. Understanding the problem of "green building certification system", the study utilizes the system dynamics as a long-term analysis method based on the analysis of interrelations of assessment items and aims to suggest a new model that can dynamically show environmental capacity of green building and verify its efficacy.
It tries to establish foundation on which the sustainable development can be made through effective forecast of future environmental changes.
To do this, the study examined a possibility to develop a dynamic model of certification assessment item using system dynamics through reviews on existing literature and preceding research cases. It looked into causal relations between the assessment items and establish a dynamic model and then verified it. Then, an assessment of long-term environmental capacity of green building was carried out through a simulation using scenarios. First of all, as a qualitative analysis, a total of forty causal relations for green building apartment certification assessment items were drawn by three premises of determining causal relations based on variables belonging to nineteen categories. Seven feedback loops were outcome by constructing loops in which a cause is deemed as a starting point, and a result as an end point. These loops are composed of four positive feedback loops and three negative feedback loops.
It could be judged through the qualitative analysis that variables of causal nature (land use, creation of resident environment, water resource, efficiency of maintenance) are major means for creation of green buildings, and variables of resultative nature (ecological value, energy efficiency) are major goals that green buildings ultimately pursue.
I converted it into a simulation model that can quantify a causal loop diagram through stock/flow modeling.
I decided nineteen stock variables, thirty four flow variables, and forty four subsidiary variables, and constructed a base model by determining functional formulas according to NUMBER's formula deciding standard. 'A' complex which obtained the best grade of preliminary green building certification process was selected as the subject to verify the model, and validity evaluation was performed after constructing Base Run by inputting the assessment values of the subject.
As a result, in verification of soundness, the structure and formula of the model is perfect by establishment of the causal relations and principle of internal system structure. Nineteen stock variables and thirty four flow variables have validity within 95% confidence interval, with consistency in the behavior of model, in an analysis of sensitivity of variables used to analyze dynamic behavior.
Subsequently, objectivity verification was investigated by deciding whether the model was constructed according to the principle of the causal relation previously assumed through the result of Base Run.
According to the investigation, the model was simulated according to the forty causal relations and reflected reality.
Accordingly, it is shown that thanks to development of dynamic model, environmental factors constituting a green building interact and create architectural environment by causal relations rather than independently functioning, which proved that the model can effectively predict long-term change.
For application of the dynamic model, I set up the items as analytic variables, through an analysis of the preceding studies, that was often excluded form actual green building certification process, and conducted first and second scenario analysis. As a result of the analysis of the preceding studies, <ecological value of existing land>, <conservation ratio of existing natural resources>, <use of alternative energy>, <reuse of existing buildings (main structure)>, <reuse of existing buildings (non-bearing wall)>, <use of rainwater>, <installation of Wastewater Reclamation and Reusing System>, <recycle ratio of topsoil>, and <sound environment in the complex> were selected as analytic variables.
In the first scenario analysis, changing behavior of stock variables including analytic variables, and related variables were analyzed in case of nine analytic variables obtained the lowest values. The results are as follows.
First, the increase in <ecological value of existing land> and <conservation ratio of existing natural resources> is greatly improving environmental capacity of 'land use' and 'habitat of plants and animals'.
Second, the increase in <use of alternative energy> is greatly contributing to increase in 'energy efficiency' and reduction of 'global warming'.
Third, <reuse of existing buildings (main structure, non-bearing wall)> had an effect of reducing 'resource recycling' and 'waste', as well as increasing in maintenance efficiency.
Based on the results above, in the second scenario analysis, the relative importance between the stock variables was analyzed by controling the subsidiary variables of the stock variables that response sensitively to the change of the analytic variables in the results of the first scenario analysis. The results are as follows.
First, <the ecological value of the existing land> and <the conservation ratio of the existing natural resources> has been found to realize a better environmental capacity than the creating area and creating techniques ofterrestrial biotope and aquatic biotope in the long run.
Second, <the use of alternative energy> for the reduction of greenhouse gas has been found to realize a better environmental capacity in the long run than the facilities for 'the reduction of carbon dioxide emission' Third, <the reuse of existing buildings(main structure, non-bearing wall)> for the resource conservation has been found to show better environmental capacity in the long run than the 'measure to reduce household waste'.
Accordingly, the items that had relatively high importance by the first and second scenario analysis, were the items that were often excluded from the existing assessment process, however, we could realize that they are the more effective items for the realization of the environmental capacity in the long run.
This fact can suggest institutional reinforcement, such as increase in weight or the introduction of a incentive system, and the assignment of obligatory items, that can incite the application of these items.
As the results of the discussion above, by developing a dynamic model of a green building certification assessment item, the long-term change in environmental capacity of the environmental components of a green building could be predicted, and through an analysis of the sensitivity of variables, it was able to evaluate the relative importance of the environmental components which constitute the whole complex by an environment friendly plan. Accordingly, it is judged to be an effective model for realizing a more sustainable environment because a wider consideration of the environment is possible, In addition, it is remarkable that it provided an implement that can be utilized variously in new business or development projects because a dynamic model can be adapted more flexibly when new assessment items or factors are added.

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국문 초록 (Abstract)

전 세계적으로 환경 파괴에 대한 문제점에 제기되면서 자연환경의 보호와 관리를 위한 환경 패러담이 대두되고 있으며 이와 발맞추어 건축분야에서도 친환경적 주거단지를 개발하려는 노력으로 국내에서 2002년 ‘친환경건축물 인증제도’가 시행되었다. 그러나 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 제도의 평가과정에 대한 회의적인 시각과 친환경 건축물 인증제도에서 제시하는 인증기준의 계획적 효용성과 적용성에 대한 비판적인 분석과 환경의 지속가능성을 확보하고자 하는 인증기준의 항목과 배점의 부여에 균형을 이루는 적용인지에 대한 의문이 제기되고 있다.
환경은 그 스스로가 오염물질을 처리할 수 있는 자정능력을 가지고 있다. 하지만 환경의 자정능력은 시간적 범위 내에서 존재하며 환경의 변화는 장기간에 걸쳐서 변화하고 반응하게 되어 우리가 의식하지 못하는 순간에 그 범위를 초과하게 된다. 따라서 오랜 시간을 두고 변화하는 환경의 특성을 반영하는 환경 평가가 절실하게 필요한 실정이다.
이에 본 연구에서는 현행 ‘친환경건축물 인증제도’가 매우 정태적인 분석에 그치고 있어 장기적인 환경변화를 평가하는데 많은 약점을 가지고 있다고 판단하고, 친환경건축물의 친환경성능을 장기적인 시각에서 바라볼 수 있는 동태적인 모델을 구축하고자 한다.
동태적인 모형의 개발은 현재 사회전반에 걸쳐 비선형적인 변수들 간의 내부구조를 파악하고 장기적인 상관관계에 의한 변화를 연구하는 방법으로 시스템 다이내믹스를 활용하였다. 이를 통해서 인증제도의 인증기준이 갖는 내적 성질을 파악하여 최하위 인증기준의 관계를 인과관계로 분석하여 그 시스템의 구조를 파악하고, 친환경건축물 원칙에 의해서 건설된 단지의 적용값을 가지고 미래 환경을 예측하고자 한다.

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전 세계적으로 환경 파괴에 대한 문제점에 제기되면서 자연환경의 보호와 관리를 위한 환경 패러담이 대두되고 있으며 이와 발맞추어 건축분야에서도 친환경적 주거단지를 개발하려는 노...

목차 (Table of Contents)