The study intends to figure out the affect of employees' tendency of perfectionism and goal on their achievement motivation to balance the business development and individual growth to provide basic data of consultation and necessary instruction for m...
The study intends to figure out the affect of employees' tendency of perfectionism and goal on their achievement motivation to balance the business development and individual growth to provide basic data of consultation and necessary instruction for managing happy life.
The problems for such study regards to, first, reviewing the difference among tendency for perfectionism and goal orientation, achievement motivation according to demographic characteristics and background information, second, the relation among employees' tendency for perfectionism and goal, and their motives for accomplishment. Third, the affect of employees' tendency for perfectionism and goal on their motives for accomplishment was intended to be reviewed.
Subjects were 375 office workers in A company located in Seoul area, and the research criteria utilized for the study were, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale developed by Hewitt and Flett (1991) and translated by Han Ki Yeon (1993), Goal Orientation Inventory developed by Dykman (1998) and translated by Byun Ja Young (2002), and the criteria for achievement motivation modified and supplemented by Park Ki Sung (1999) based on the measurement tool developed by McClelland (1965) and Herman (1970), which was modified and translated for manufacture by domestic researchers.
Data was analyzed utilizing the SPSS 12.0 statistics program, and regarding the analysis method, reliability coefficient was calculated to verify the reliability of each variable. To figure out the difference of tendency for perfectionism and goal, achievement motivation according to employees' gender, age, education level, period of work, number of job change, future planning, and preparation period for planning, T-test and ANOVA were performed, and to figure out the correlation among tendency for perfectionism and goal, achievement motivation, correlation analysis was held. In addition, to figure out the affect of tendency for perfectionism and goal on achievement motivation, multiple regression analysis was held.
As a result of the study, first, it showed significant difference according to gender. Females showed high perfectionism oriented to others (p<.05) and males showed high socially prescribed perfectionism (p<.05). Regarding goal orientation , males showed high tendency for pursuing development than females (p<.001), and also for achievement motivation, males generally showed higher value than females. The more the age, goal orientation pursuing verification showed higher value (p<.05), but there was no difference in tendency for perfectionism and achievement motivation. The higher the education level, it showed higher self-oriented perfectionism (p<.05), socially prescribed perfectionism (p<.05), and also for goal orientation , it showed high tendency for pursuing development (p<.01). Regarding achievement motivation, sub-variables of future orientation, confidence, and responsibility showed high values, and there was no difference in other variables.
The group which had plans regarding the status of having future plans showed high tendency for self-oriented perfectionism (p<.05) and also high tendency for pursuing development regarding goal orientation (p<.01), and finally, it also showed high achievement motivation, showing significant difference. In addition, reviewing the period of preparing for future plans, the group which had tendency of self-oriented perfectionism showed higher average compared to the groups which had perfectionism oriented to others oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism the longer the preparation period. However, there was no significant difference in tendency for perfectionism and goal, and achievement motivation according to the period of work and number of job change.
Second, tendency for perfectionism and achievement motivation showed positive
correlation. Especially, self-oriented perfectionism generally showed significant positive correlation with achievement motivation (p<.001), and also, socially prescribed perfectionism generally showed correlation with achievement motivation (p<.001). Among them, self-oriented perfectionism showed high positive correlation with future-orientation, confidence, and responsibility (p<.001), and socially prescribed perfectionism showed high positive correlation with challenging consciousness, adventurous spirit, and responsibility (p<.001). However, perfectionism oriented to others showed incomplete negative correlation with achievement motivation, and it also showed negative correlation with duty orientation and responsibility.
Goal orientation and achievement motivation also had significant positive correlation. Especially, goal orientation pursuing development showed general significant positive correlation (p<.001), and also, goal orientation and motive fore accomplishment showed correlation in general (p<.001). Among them, goal orientation pursuing development showed high positive correlation with future orientation, confidence, and task orientation, and goal orientation pursuing verification showed high positive correlation with challenging mind, adventurous spirit, and confidence. Tendency for perfectionism and goal showed correlation. Especially, self-oriented perfectionism showed significant positive correlation in general with goal orientation (p<.001), and socially prescribed perfectionism showed high positive significant correlation only with goal orientation pursuing verification (p<.001). However, perfectionism oriented to others showed low negative correlation with goal orientation pursuing verification.
Third, tendency for self-oriented perfectionism had affect on future orientation (29%), confidence (26%), responsibility (21%), challenging mind (17%), and task orientation (3%). goal orientation pursuing development had affect on the sub-factors of achievement motivation, which are, future orientation (13%), confidence (11%), responsibility (8%), adventurous spirit (16%), challenging mind (5%), and task orientation (23%). Aside to that, tendency for perfectionism oriented to others slightly affected responsibility and task orientation, and also, socially prescribed perfectionism slightly affected adventurous spirit and challenging mind, but goal orientation pursuing verification did not have any affect on achievement motivation.
As such, the study focused on positive research regarding tendency for perfectionism and goal, setting achievement motivation as variable, which is its meaning, and also, it could be figured out that when pursuing perfectionism, its function differs according to the criteria of to whom it should be perfected or who should be perfected. Through the study, it was verified that perfectionism which intends to reach the criteria set by the self performs positive and adaptive functions. In addition, achievement motivation was also a psychological variable which actions for accomplishment according to internal motive has important affect for individual development, rather than actions for external motive for compensation granted by others. Therefore, for development of individuals and enterprises, it is necessary that members should have opportunity and training for new experience so that they could take actions for accomplishment according to internal motives. In addition, through educations for strengthening 'self-management' and 'self-control', which are positive aspects of perfectionism, self leadership program should be developed for individuals to have balanced internal․external development, and have them provided with opportunity for internal development.