한국어 교육에서 연결어미 ‘-으니’와 ‘-으니까’의 관계에 대한 연구 = A Study on the Relationship between the Connective Endings ‘-ini(-으니)’ and ‘-inik’a(-으니까)’ in the Education of Korean

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis investigates differences between ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ and ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’ the connective endings that represent reason-cause, in the education of Korean, in which they are actually treated as the same endings despite their morphological differences. ‘-k’a(-까)’ in ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’ is treated as a redundant element, which can be analyzed as ‘-t-’(-ㅅ-) and ‘-ka’(-가). The meaning of ‘-t-’(-ㅅ-) is the identification of the hearer about the preceding linguistic expression, while ‘-ka’(-가) does not complete the preceding linguistic expression but connects the next expression.
I try to analyze such differences between ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ and ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’ as morphological ones, and examines further differences between them through the possibility of combination with pre-final endings and with delimiters.
The results of this study are as follows.
Chapter 1 explores some appropriate methodology for this study and presents the necessity and purpose of this study by examining previous studies in order to investigate the semantic differences between ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ and ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’ on the basis of their morphological differences.
Chapter 2 retrieves entries of the Standard Korean Dictionary and selects objects to be examined. As a result, I selects as the objects for the analysis of ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ and ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’ the non-combined forms ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ and ‘-ni(-니)’, the pre-final ending combined forms ‘-kəni(-거니),’ ‘-nɨni(-느니),’ and ‘-təni(-더니)’, and the undefined forms ‘-ɨrjəni(-으려니)’ and ‘-rjəni(-려니)’ Having investigated the examples from the dictionary, I have found out that ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ is a connective ending with a strong function of presenting a simple fact while ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’ is another one that has a strong pragmatic function with the added function of hearer identification in the relationship with the hearer.
Chapter 3 tries to explicate the differences between ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ and ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’ as connective endings. As a result of examining the examples from the dictionary to determine whether they can be combined with such pre-final endings as ‘-ət-(-었-),’ ‘-ket-(-겠-),’ ‘-kə-(-거-),’ ‘-nɨ-(-느-),’ and ‘-tə-(-더-),’ it has been found out that the first two prefinal endings are possible to combine with either of them, while the other three can be combined with only ‘-ɨni(-으니).’ Also, as a result of investigating whether they can be combined with such delimiters as ‘-man(-만),’ ‘-to(-도)’, ‘-ja(-야),’ ‘-ɨn(-은),’ and ‘-mankʰɨm(-만큼),’ I have realized that ‘-man(만)’ and ‘-mankʰɨm(만큼)’ can be combined with ‘-ɨni(으니)’ but ‘-nɨn(-는)’ with ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까).’ That is to say, it can be said that ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ and ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’ not only are different in form but also have different meanings as shown by the fact that they are different in the combinability with pre-final endings and delimiters.
Chapter 4 analyzes 6 textbooks in order to investigate how ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ and ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’ are taught to learners in the education of Korean. The investigated grammatical items include ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ and ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까),’ and ‘-kəni(-거니),’ ‘-təni(-더니),’ ‘-nɨni(-느니),’ and ‘-ɨni -ɨni(-으니 -으니),’ combined with pre-final endings ‘-kə-(-거-),’ ‘-nɨ-(-느-),’ and ‘-tə-(-더-)’ respectively. As a result, I have found out that ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까),’ rather than ‘-ɨni(-으니),’ is addressed as a connective ending of reason-cause in at the elementary stage in the education of Korean while those forms combined with pre-final endings are dealt with at and over the middle stage. However, it should be noted that there is no recognition of the problem of ‘-ɨni(-으니),’ rather than ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까),’ being combined with pre-final endings even though they are understood as the same endings in the education of Korean.
Chapter 5 re-emphasizes the fact that ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ and ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’ are different connective endings, and recapitulate the thesis.
This study is significant in that it does not treat ‘-k’a(-까)’ in ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’as redundant and clearly indicate the differences between ‘-ɨni(-으니)’ and ‘-ɨnik’a(-으니까)’ by investigating the examples from individual dictionaries based on the possibility for them to be combined with pre-final endings and delimiters.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 = 1
• 1.1. 연구 목적과 연구 대상 = 1
• 1.2. 선행 연구 검토 = 2
• 1.3. 연구 방법 및 논의의 전개 = 5
• 2.‘-으니’와 ‘-으니까’에 대한 연구 분석 = 7
• 2.1. 형태적 구성의 차이로 본 ‘-으니’와 ‘-으니까’ = 7
• 2.2. 어미 ‘-으니’와 ‘-니’, ‘-으니까’와 ‘-니까’의 관계 = 9
• 3. 연결어미 ‘-으니’와 ‘-으니까’의 의미 = 16
• 3.1. 선어말어미와의 결합 = 18
• 3.2. 보조사와의 결합 = 35
• 4. 한국어 교육에서의 ‘-으니’와 ‘-으니까’ = 42
• 4.1. 한국어 교재의 특징 = 42
• 4.2. 한국어 교재의 ‘-으니’, ‘-으니까’, ‘-더니’, ‘-느니’, ‘-거니’= 45
• 5. 결론 = 71
• □ 참고문헌 = 73
• □ Abstract = 76