The purposes of this study are to compare two curriculum model-Tlyer's curriculum development model and backward curriculum design model anb further to provide basic information to curriculum designer.
Tyler was referring to objective. He indicated th...
The purposes of this study are to compare two curriculum model-Tlyer's curriculum development model and backward curriculum design model anb further to provide basic information to curriculum designer.
Tyler was referring to objective. He indicated that curriculum planners should identify these general objectives by gathering data from three sources: the subject matter, the learners, and the society. After identifying numerous general objectives, the curriculum planners were to refine them by filtering them through two screens, the philosophy of the school and the psychology of learning.
Another model of curriculum development that has gained popularity is the "backward design", advocated by Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe. In this model, the frist step considers aims, goals, and objectives; contents selection and content sequencing; and experience selection and experience , sequencing. Stage 2 of this backward model involves determining how to assess whether the curriculum, once implemented, is successful. The third and final stage of the backward design model involves learning experience and instruction.
Any curriculum design model consists of goal, the selection and organization of learning experience and evaluation. To compare Tlyer's curriculum development model which is the nation's main curriculum model and backward curriculum design model which is proper to achievement standards-centered education innovation, goals are first comparing criteria.
The goals of Tlyer's curriculum development model and backward curriculum design model become the criteria for selecting contents, arrangement and evaluation.
The educational objectives of Tlyer's curriculum development model are derived from the sources of learner's need, contemporary society's need and subject specialist's suggestions and them finally the temporary educational objectives are screened by the educational philosophy and the psychology of learning However the goals of backward curriculum design model are stated coherently through understanding and paraphrasing of the national-level education goals. Education goals are not selected but reorganized and become assessment criteria.
There are several common things in Tlyer's curriculum development model and backward curriculum design model : first, contents of teaching is learning experience. second, the learning experience is selected and arranged for goal achieving. third, learners can have lots of chances to experience. In Tlyer's curriculum development model, teaching contents are reacting of learners about external contents and teachers should provide them with environment which learners experience as much as possible. This learning experience is made up of continuity, sequence, integration. In backward curriculum design model, learning experience is organized by WHERETO.
The aim of evaluation is to show achievement of learners after learning. In Tlyer's curriculum development model, assessment designers and teachers focus only on learners extent behavior in result of learning. So, evaluation criteria is standardized and they also use standardized evaluation tools. In backward curriculum design model, teachers and assessment designers are the same ones. They also focus on the process through formative test. Assessment can be a quiz, a test, a performance task, a project or sometimes rubric for validity.
In Tlyer's curriculum development model, clear direction for plans is provided, it is good for skill subject curriculum, but resources can't be told which one is better than another. The classes are controlled by teachers. In backward curriculum design model, learning transfer is high through planing to achieving in curriculum coherence. Biased teaching and learning could occur and learning interest could be lowered.
Tlyer's curriculum development model increased productivity of learning and made curriculum scientific. Backward curriculum design model is effective educational innovation tool and it can design learner-centered curriculum. However there should be advanced study for evaluation plan through understanding of what and why teachers are teaching with analyzing of the national teaching goals.