The history education for young children starts from arousing young children's interests and concerns on history and understanding the change of life of the past, present and future. By looking at the states of development, a childhood is important pe...
The history education for young children starts from arousing young children's interests and concerns on history and understanding the change of life of the past, present and future. By looking at the states of development, a childhood is important period of time for a transit from others-control to self-control. In order to improve the ability of self-control for a child; as well as in education of history, it needs to be approached by taking the lead from children instead of teachers.
The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of effects of self-directed history education activities on the development of young children's self-control. The study issues that have been established for such purpose are as follow.
1. What are the effects of self-directed history education activities on young children's cognitive control?
2. What are the effects of self-directed history education activities on young children's emotional control?
3. What are the effects of self-directed history education activities on young children's self-control?
This study was conducted for 40 young children under the age of 5 that attend a kindergarten located in Seoul. To examine young children's self-control according to self-directed history education activities, the self-control measurement scale for young children between the ages of three to six developed for teachers by Oak-Seung Yang (2006) was used. This method divides self-control into cognitive control and emotional control, and consists of 36 questions on cognitive control and 50 questions on emotional control.
T-test was conducted for the statistically analysis of data and ANCOVA was for the intelligence as covariate variable. The intelligence test was conducted through KISE-KIT (Korea Institute for Special Education Korean Intelligence Test for Children).
The results revealed through this study are as follow:
First, the experiment group showed more increases compared to the difference between the control group in the young children's cognitive control pre-test and post-test score. The mean of the experiment group was higher than that of the control group and showed meaningful differences in cognitive control (p<.001). Namely, it was found that cognitive control improves based on self-directed history education activities. Also, the result of controlling young children's intelligence score as covariate variable and verifying the statistical significance of post-score of cognitive control revealed that there are statistically meaningful differences (p<.05). This signifies that self-directed history education activities had influences on young children's cognitive control.
Second, the experiment group showed more increases compared to the differences between the control group in the young children's emotional control pre-test and post-test score. The mean of the experiment group was higher than that of the control group and showed meaningful differences in emotional control (p<.001). Namely, it was found that emotional control improves based on self-directed history education activities. Also, the result of controlling young children's intelligence score as covariate variable and verifying the statistical significance of post-score of emotional control revealed that there are statistically meaningful differences (p<.001). This signifies that self-directed history education activities had influences on young children's emotional control.
Third, the experiment group showed more increases compared to the differences between the control group in the young children's self-control pre-test and post-test score. The mean of the experiment group was higher than that of the control group and showed meaningful differences in self-control (p<.001). Namely, it was found that self-control improves based on self-directed history education activities. Also, the result of controlling young children's intelligence test as covariate variable and verifying the statistical significance of post-score of self-control revealed that there are statistically meaningful differences (p<.01). This signifies that self-directed history education activities had influences on young children's self-control.