This study has a purpose to examine the role of sport for cultural adaption, based on enculturation of Berry(1997). Furthermore, as the method of communication for multi-cultural society, it is to suggest the theoretical basis of how sport is used. Fo...
This study has a purpose to examine the role of sport for cultural adaption, based on enculturation of Berry(1997). Furthermore, as the method of communication for multi-cultural society, it is to suggest the theoretical basis of how sport is used. For them, definite study problems are: first of all, how id the role of sports as cultural adaption? Second, how id the role of cultural adaption through sport? Lastly, how is the role of sport during enculturation?
To explain them, theoretical frame of reference is established, bases on Berry`s enculturation research. Qualitative method gas been chosen for the study. Participants are three immigrants` women for marriage, three international students, and three foreign laborers. They are chosen by purposeful sampling based on immigrants, sojourners, and ethnocultural groups because this classification has factors which are when they contact with other cultures. Materials have been collected through conversational interview and joint observation. Data analysis is Domain Analysis and Taxonomic Analysis of traditional research methods of Spradley(1980). Major category and minor category which are related to the study subject are brought out, using these ways. This paper will be summarized above the contents.
The role of sports as cultural adaption can be classified into cultural individuality, behavioral change and stress of culture adaption. Firstly, cultural individuality can be sorted again into absolute acceptance, selective acceptance and organized acceptance. Immigrants have difference of cultural direction to accept it because of individual personality. Also, it occurs the difference in cultural adaption to accept through sport, depending on cultural individuality.
Secondly, behavioral change is sorted into understanding of cultural difference, activity for health, behavioral passivity and cultural competitive sports. Sports bring behavioral change to help immigrants understand cultural difference. However they can cause bigger cultural difference. Therefore the change of bahavior through sport activity is not positive about cultural adaption. Furthermore, it depends on whom they are immigrant women for marriage, international student or immigrant foreign laborers.
Thirdly, stress of culture adaption is categorized into four types: share of information, consolation and encourage, discrimination in sport, and stress from work. Immigrants showed a big difference on type of stress with immigration aim. Cultural adaption stress can result from cultural deference such as language, food or lifestyle. Yet, resident purpose of immigrants, for example, study, economic activity, has a momentous relationship. Accordingly, cultural stress is more realted with their resident purpose than personal ability.
The role of culture adaption through sports is classified into cultural individuality, psychological adaption, and social adaption. Firstly, sport plays a role to bring a positive change to cultural individuality of immigrant women for marriage because they have to dwell for long periods of time. However it does not act for immigrants who reside for short time relatively such as international students or foreign laborers to change their cultural directivity.
therefore, cultural individuality has a gap between immigrants personally. Especially, immigration aim and period have a magnificent influence on cultural adaption to make them decide their cultural directivity.
Secondly, psychological adaption is categorized into stress settlement and cultural close identity. Sport is affect to get rid of stress from enculturation, and to help regain immigrants' mental stability and formation of cultural close identity fro confusion of cultural gap.
The role of sport as enculturation can be classified into three sports kinds which are means of culture adaption, personal improvement, and development for life quality. Firstly, sports as the means of culture adaption have senses to lead meeting people and carrying out cultural exchange between immigrants, Korean or other country citizen, to understand cultural difference, and to overcome conflict each other. Specially, immigrant women for marriage who participated in this study play sports for adapting culture. They feel understanding and close to Korea because of sports. Also, they caught the chance to introduce their motherland culture, as well as they join sports activity to solve their personal problems.
Secondly, sports for personal improvement mean to achieve personal specific goal.
International students among participants of the research things that sports is means to maintain their health or activity for their study, or to meet people.
Thirdly, sports for life quality development refer to hobby enrich immigrants` lifestyle or to make their own community. Particularly to foreign laborers, sports are the best hobby to improve their life quality also helps them to make their community.