The purpose of this study is to investigate spaces designs for the realization of publicness of external urban spaces. The study started with investigations of space design methods for the realization of publicness from the result-based traditional pu...
The purpose of this study is to investigate spaces designs for the realization of publicness of external urban spaces. The study started with investigations of space design methods for the realization of publicness from the result-based traditional publicness concept to the process-based modern publicness concept.
Following rapid development since the era of industralization, modern society has provided a more affluent city environment and abundant lifestyle environment both qualitatively and quantitatively. On the other hand, problems such as psychological poverty and human alienation have also been exposed. As the mechanisms of society particularly become more extensive, social anonymity increases and brings social confusion. While such problems of modern society is not limited only to psychological perspectives, "the absence of publicness" has been highlighted as one cause among various causes.
The necessity and importance for publicness is recognized more so in modern society than ever before. In other words, the shift as an advanced has created numerous communities which had not existed before while the anonymity and loss of humane qualities as experienced by individuals within modern society has brought the need to establish new relationship settings between individuals, societies, and organizations. Such demonstrates the relative increase in the importance of communal organizations compared to individuals while evidencing the need to activate relationships between spaces. Additionally, changes of the era, such as the permeation of neoliberalism, the rise of civil society, and transmission from a national priority society to a individual priority society have brought changes in the concepts of publicness, which in turn, have brought a change in the perception and various in the concepts of publicness following the elimination of the dichotomy separation system of personal and public domain, conversion from an administratively-led publicness to civilian-led publicness, the rise in the necessity for creating a regional community based publicness compared to the central government based publicness of the past.
Within urban and architectural spaces based on a clear boundary between personal space and public space based on the concept of public contradicting privacy, publicness has been mostly recognized as public, public good, fair and impartial. Studies related to publicness have evaluated publicness based on standards of accessibility, openness, connectivity and cleanliness from the perspective of 'all-together-open'. Yet recently, there have been increases in civilian led city space creation where participation of various organizations, including citizens, are required by escaping from the administrative led methods of the past. Such has led to an increase in new cases of pluralistic and complex publicness differing from the traditional concept of publicness, which in turn, has created the necessity for new perspectives in evaluating publicness based on indexes, such as variety of participating bodies, cooperative communication relationships, and deliberation processes.
Based on the above, the study conducted research in the following ways under the supposition that publicness must change from the result-oriented publicness into a process-oriented publicness.
First, the study will investigate the etymologicalㆍdefinitional meaning of publicness as well as definitions across various sectors. Additionally, the study will define and review publicness as used in architectural and urban sectors. Second, through a reanalysis of the meaning of publicness, the study will review process based modern concepts of publicness as well as various discussions of past literatures pertaining to various themes related to publicness in order to better understand publicness research trends and discussions as found within the architectural and urban sectors. Third, the study selected subjects for process based publicness case research to conduct analysis in the order or summary, roles and cooperative relationships of participating bodies, occurrence and relief process of conflict, direction and design of planning, management and operating programs. Fourth, conceptual elements of modern publicness are exposed through the results of analysis to this point and lastly, realization plans for modern publicness within city spaces are proposed. In conclusion, methods of space design for realization of process-based modern publicness were derived as「relationship with the outside - weakening of economics」,「space which allows various acts」,「cooperation of various participating bodies and program creation」, and「publicness reflecting contexts of locality and sense of place」. Such types are not standards for simply exposing conceptual elements of modern publicness, but improvement directions which can be proposed to realize publicness of city spaces in the future while being an area where future studies should be conducted.
If public spaces are designed by understanding the publicness related characteristics within cities and architectures, understanding the humanity and history within such cities, understanding how such areas are connected to our lives, investigating the types of physical spaces which must be developed in order to live and promote communal lives, and considering methods of space design for the realization of modern publicness, such is expected to allow genuine publicness as desired by the cities and architectures of our era.