실시간 온라인 토론 수업에서 참여도, 성취도, 만족도에 영향을 미치는 변인에 관한 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

웹으로 대표되는 인터넷의 교육적 효용성에 대해서는 많은 연구가 이루어졌고, 또 대부분의 연구에서 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 최근에는 인터넷이 제공하는 다양한 기능 중에서도, 인터넷이 무엇보다도 정보를 주고받는 의사소통 도구라는 점에서 웹기반 온라인 토론 수업의 효용성에 대해 많은 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그러나 지금까지의 연구들은 비동시적 온라인 토론에 치우쳐 있는데다가, 온라인 토론과 관련된 변인을 투입하여 변인의 영향력만을 단순히 검증하는 방식으로 이루어져, 이러한 온라인 토론 관련 변인들의 상대적인 중요성을 총체적으로 살펴보지는 못하였다. 또한 학습자 참여 수준의 형태와 성격을 자세히 살펴보지도 못하였다.
본 연구는 이상과 같은 점들을 고려하여, 실시간 온라인 토론 수업의 성공을 가늠해볼 수 있는 참여도와 성취도, 만족도를 온라인 토론 관련 변인과 연관시켜 살펴보고자 하였다. 이러한 배경을 바탕으로 수행된 실험을 통해 얻어진 135명의 자료를 SPSS 16.0으로 중다회귀분석을 통해 검증하였다. 이와 같은 분석에서 도출된 연구 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 본 연구에서 온라인 토론 관련 변인들이 학습자의 참여도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, ‘쓰기에 대한 태도’ 변인이 가장 많은 기여를 하고 있고, 다음은 ‘내향성과 외향성’, ‘컴퓨터 매개 통신에 대한 태도’ 변인의 순으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
둘째, 본 연구에서 온라인 토론 관련 변인들이 학습자의 사회적 차원의 참여에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, ‘쓰기에 대한 태도’ 변인이 가장 많은 기여를 하고 있고 다음은 ‘평가기준제시’ 변인의 순으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
셋째, 본 연구에서 온라인 토론 관련 변인들이 학습자의 상호작용적 응답 차원의 참여에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, ‘쓰기에 대한 태도’ 변인이 가장 많은 기여를 하고 있고 다음은 ‘컴퓨터 매개 통신에 대한 태도’, ‘익명성 여부’, 내향성과 외향성‘ 변인의 순으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
넷째, 본 연구에서 온라인 토론 관련 변인들이 학습자의 상호작용적 논평 차원의 참여에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, ‘쓰기에 대한 태도’ 변인이 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
다섯째, 본 연구에서 온라인 토론 관련 변인들이 학습자의 인지적 차원의 참여에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, ‘컴퓨터 매개 통신에 대한 태도’ 변인이 가장 많은 기여를 하고 있고 다음은 ‘쓰기에 대한 태도’, ‘사전 학습능력’ 변인의 순으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
여섯째, 본 연구에서 온라인 토론 관련 변인들이 학습자의 부정적 차원의 참여에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, ‘쓰기에 대한 태도’가 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
일곱째, 본 연구에서 온라인 토론 관련 변인들이 학습자의 성취도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, ‘사전 학습능력’ 변인이 가장 많은 기여를 하고 있고 다음은 ‘쓰기에 대한 태도’, ‘익명성 여부’ 변인의 순으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
마지막으로, 본 연구에서 온라인 토론 관련 변인들이 학습자의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, ‘토론주제의 관련성’ 변인이 가장 많은 기여를 하고 있고 다음은 ‘컴퓨터 매개 통신에 대한 태도’ 변인의 순으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 연구결과에 근거하여 실시간 온라인 토론에서 학습자의 참여도, 성취도, 만족도를 극대화시키기 위해 교수자가 가장 주목해서 고려해야할 측면은 학습자의 쓰기에 대한 태도 수준, 학습자와 관련성이 높은 토론 주제의 선정, 학습자의 사전 학습능력에 맞는 효율적인 토론 수업의 진행이라는 결과가 도출되었다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ······································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 ·······················································1
• 2. 연구의 목적 및 연구문제 ····································4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ·························································6
• 1. 온라인 토론의 개념과 유형, 교육적 효과 ········6
• 1) 온라인 토론의 개념 ········································6
• 2) 온라인 토론 대 면대면 토론 효과 ················7
• 3) 온라인 토론의 유형과 특징 ···························9
• 2. 온라인 토론과 관련된 주요 변인들 ··················11
• 1) 학습동기 ··························································13
• 2) 내향성과 외향성 ·············································14
• 3) 도덕성 ······························································17
• 4) 사전 학습능력 ·················································20
• 5) 쓰기에 대한 태도 ············································21
• 6) 자기조절학습전략 ···········································22
• 7) 컴퓨터 매개 통신에 대한 태도 ······················23
• 8) 토론 주제의 관련성 ·········································25
• 9) 평가기준제시 ····················································27
• 10) 익명성 여부 ······················································28
• 3. 온라인 토론과 메시지 유형 분석 ························31
• 1) 온라인 토론과 메시지 유형 분석의 의의 ·····31
• 2) Henri(1992)의 메시지 유형 분석 모형 ·········32
• 3) 재구성된 Henri의 메시지 유형 분석 모형 ···35
• 4) Henri(1992) 방식 이외의 메시지 유형 분석 모형 ····38
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 ·······························································41
• 1. 연구 대상 ·································································41
• 2. 연구 변인 ·································································42
• 1) 독립변인 ··································································42
• 2) 종속변인 ··································································42
• 3. 연구 도구 ·································································43
• 1) 실험도구 ··································································43
• 2) 측정도구 ··································································45
• 4. 연구 절차 ·································································54
• 1) 실험환경 ··································································54
• 2) 실험절차 ··································································55
• 5. 자료 분석 ·································································56
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 논의 ··················································58
• 1. 연구결과 ···································································58
• 1) 참여도 영향 변인 ····················································62
• 2) 성취도 영향 변인 ····················································67
• 3) 만족도 영향 변인 ····················································68
• 2. 논의 ···········································································69
• 1) 참여도 영향 변인 ····················································69
• 2) 성취도 영향 변인 ····················································82
• 3) 만족도 영향 변인 ····················································84
• Ⅴ. 요약, 결론 및 제언 ···············································86
• 1. 요약 ··········································································86
• 2. 결론 및 제언 ···························································87
• [참고문헌] ··································································95
• [부록] ········································································109
• [Abstract] ·································································138