가족기능이 청소년의 진로의사결정에 미치는 영향

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to identify the causal effect of family function on decision types of future career of adolescents by applying a circomplex model developed by Olsen et. al. (1979, 1985 and 1992). Specifically, it classifies related variables as follows: open-type communication and problematic communication as independent variables; family cohesion, family adjustment, family satisfaction, future certainty, and self-acceptance as intermediate variables; and parents' nurturing attitude ( receptive/rejective) as a control variable. This study makes a causal model to identify what effect reasonable decision-making and dependent decision-making have on adolescents and provide useful data for preparation for practical and educational methods. It interviews secondary and high school students in Gwanju city and Jeollanamdo province using a questionnaire from July 16 to July 31, 2007. A total of 440 copies of the questionnaire are distributed, of which 436 copies are returned. Of them, except 44 copies whose answers are not sincere, 392 copies are used for the final analysis.
The results of the study show that open-type communication has a significant effect on family cohesion, family adaptability, family satisfaction, future certainty, and self-acceptance in a positive way while the problematic communication has a negative effect on all the variables above. Considering mothers' nurturing attitude as an adaptability variable, this study identifies what adaptability effect occurs when intermediate variables such as family cohesion, family adaptability, family satisfaction, future certainty, and self-acceptance influence decision-making on future career as an dependent variable.
As a result of the study, it is found that the important variables that have a positive effect on reasonable decision-making on their career include family cohesion, family adaptability, family satisfaction, future certainty, and self-acceptance. And in respect to the demonstration of adjustment effect according to mothers' attitude, when mothers' attitude is receptive rather than rejective, family cohesion, future certainty, and self-acceptance has greater effect on reasonable decision-making in a positive way, which indicates that mothers' nurturing attitude has adaptability effect. Therefore, to enhance positive effect on decision-making of adolescents, mothers' attitude should be receptive. The most important thing is that when fathers' communication is open-type, it has a significant effect on all the variables of family cohesion, family adaptability, family satisfaction, future certainty, and self-acceptance in positive ways. So, fathers should put more efforts to make open communication with their children. The theoretical suggestion of this study is : it identifies that family function has effect on career decision-making of adolescents using a circomplex model, and the causal effect among independent variables, intermediate ones and dependent variables specifically. The results are presented as follows :
First, this study schematizes communication styles based on the previous studies by Olson et. al. (1985) to empirically demonstrate that communication is one of the important family functions that works as a catalyst of cohesion and adaptability.
Second, based on previous studies by Olson et. al. (1985), it measures family satisfaction in aspects of cohesion and adaptability and even communication more comprehensively. As well, to supplement the limits of previous studies, it uses an integrated model and identifies the causal effect. That is, it empirically demonstrates the causal effect that communication, cohesion and adaptability have effect on satisfaction, self-identity and career decision-making through the model and the comprehensive causal effect.
Third, using family satisfaction and self-identity as intermediate variables that have not been examined in previous studies, it demonstrates their causal effect on career decision-making as a dependent variable. And it identifies what adaptability effect mothers' nurturing attitude as an adaptability variable has. Using the theoretical suggestions as basic data, it is to obtain practical suggestions that will be helpful for reasonable career decision-making. Based on the theoretical suggestions of this study, it obtains the following practical suggestions :
First, when fathers have open communication with their children, as family functions such as family cohesion and adaptability increase, satisfaction also increases, which is demonstrated through the result of the study that the open communication is very helpful for right self-identity of adolescents. Therefore, fathers should make every effort to have more time to communicate with their children, that is, to attempt open-type communication. If fathers' communication types change even a little, emotional unity among family members can be consolidated, they are able to adapt to changes more easily, family satisfaction can be enhanced and children can have firm identity. Therefore, we should develop programs to improve fathers' communicative ability and provide education for them. To improve family cohesion, family members should share their free time. Since 2006, as schools have adapted their programs to 5 days of lesson every second week, we need to develop leisure management programs on which family members spend their time together.
Second, to help adolescents to make a reasonable career decision-making, mothers should have receptive attitude rather than rejective. These days, continuing education centers or various counselling institutes have provided effective parent education programs. Learning receptive nurturing attitude will be one of good methods.
Third, to help adolescents make reasonable career decision-making, enhancing the family function is important, but the career education that fits for secondary and high school students through linkage between schools and families should be provided, and we need the linkage system that teachers and parents jointly help adolescents to have reasonable career decision-making. As well, schools should develop subjects that can help students make right decision of their careers according to their aptitude and talents beyond existing knowledge-oriented teaching and learning system.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• ABSTRACT
• 제1장 서 론 1
• 제1절 연구목적 1
• 제2절 연구범위 및 방법 5
• 제2장 이론적 배경 7
• 제1절 가족체계와 가족기능 7
• 1. 가족체계에서의 가족기능 7
• 2. 가족기능의 요소 및 평가모델 10
• 3. Olson 등의 복합순환모델 13
• 제2절 자아정체감 24
• 1. 자아정체감의 개념 24
• 2. 자아정체감 형성의 영향요인 26
• 3. 자아정체감 구성요인 28
• 제3절 진로의사결정 29
• 1. 진로의사결정의 개념 30
• 2. 진로의사결정유형 31
• 3. 진로의사결정유형의 관련 변인 33
• 제4절 선행연구의 고찰 35
• 1. 가족기능의 변인들 간의 관계 36
• 2. 가족기능의 영향 38
• 3. 평가 44
• 제3장 연구설계 48
• 제1절 연구모형의 정립과 가설의 설정 48
• 1. 연구모형의 정립 48
• 2. 가설의 설정 50
• 제2절 변수의 조작화 60
• 1. 변수의 조작적 정의와 측정도구 60
• 2. 설문의 구성과 측정 67
• 제4장 실증분석 75
• 제1절 표본의 추출과 특성 75
• 1. 표본의 추출 75
• 2. 표본의 특성 75
• 제2절 특성별 차이분석 76
• 1. 성별, 학년별 차이분석 76
• 2. 집단별 차이분석 79
• 제3절 연구가설의 검증 84
• 제4절 분석결과의 논의 106
• 1. 특성별 차이분석 결과 106
• 2. 가설검증 결과 110
• 제5장 결 론 118
• 제1절 연구결과의 요약 ·118
• 제2절 연구의 시사점 120
• 1. 이론적 시사점 120
• 2. 실천적 시사점 121
• 참고문헌 125
• 설 문 지 138
• 표 목 차
• <표 2-1> 자아정체감 형성에 영향을 미치는 요인 28
• <표 2-2> 진로의사결정유형 32
• <표 3-1> 변수의 개념화/ 조작화 66
• <표 3-2> 측정 설문지의 구성 67
• <표 3-3> KMO 와 Bartlett의 검정 68
• <표 3-4> 변수에 대한 요인분석 결과 69
• <표 3-5> 주요 적합도 기준별 수용 가능 수준 70
• <표 3-6> 각 요인별 확인요인분석 결과 71
• <표 3-7> 선별된 측정항목과 신뢰도 73
• <표 4-1> 표본의 일반적 특성 76
• <표 4-2> 성별에 따른 차이분석 77
• <표 4-3> 학년에 따른 차이분석 78
• <표 4-4> 성적에 따른 차이분석 80
• <표 4-5> 가정 형편에 따른 차이분석 81
• <표 4-6> 특성별 차이분석 요약 83
• <표 4-7> 연구모형의 적합도 지수 87
• <표 4-8> 부모-자녀 의사소통과 가족응집성과의 관계 89
• <표 4-9> 부모-자녀 의사소통과 가족적응성과의 관계 90
• <표 4-10> 부모-자녀 의사소통과 가족만족도와의 관계 91
• <표 4-11> 부모-자녀 의사소통과 자아정체감과의 관계 92
• <표 4-12> 가족응집성과 가족만족도와의 관계 93
• <표 4-13> 가족응집성과 자아정체감과의 관계 93
• <표 4-14> 가족응집성과 진로의사결정유형 94
• <표 4-15> 가족적응성과 가족만족도 95
• <표 4-16> 가족적응성과 자아정체감 95
• <표 4-17> 가족적응성과 진로의사결정유형 96
• <표 4-18> 가족만족도와 진로의사결정유형 97
• <표 4-19> 자아정체감과 진로의사결정유형 98
• <표 4-20> 가설 검증 결과 요약 100
• <표 4-21> 어머니의 양육태도에 따른 연구모형 적합도 지수 102
• <표 4-22> 어머니의 양육태도에 따른 조절효과 검증 결과 102
• 그림목차
• <그림 2-1> 16가지 가족체계유형 22
• <그림 3-1> 연구모형 50
• <그림 4-1> 구조방정식 연구모형 88
• <그림 4-2> 최종 경로모형 101
• <그림 4-3> 어머니의 양육태도에 따른 조절효과 검증 결과 105