조선궁궐의 동조건축에 관한 연구 : 17~18세기 동궐을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Choseon Dynasty, from many aspects, saw the institutional establishment of its royal palaces in the 17th and 18th century, with 'donggwol (east palace)' as the most representative form in the era. In that period, palaces were managed in the best way that fits the royal etiquette and order to maintain the Confucian framework of the times. While the royal palace was the place for the king to conduct state affairs, it was also a compound for the royal family to lead a life in. Since the royal family was also based on the Confucian system, women in the royal palace seldom revealed their existence to outside world. Yet daebi,(a Queen Mother) who was often called 'dongjo,' enjoyed the highest level of honor not only as a member of the royal family but in the hierarchical order of the dynasty. As they often engaged themselves in political affairs, daebi raised their reputation through rites and rituals. So, in the 16th century, they largely used Changgyeong-gung palace in the eastern part of the royal compound since they sometimes had to go out of the royal residence. While it was called 'dongjo' because it was seated in the eastern part, it was also used as a word symbolizing daebi. And, therefore, it has become a general principle of royal palaces to build the palace for daebi in the eastern wing of the compound. However, the residence for daebi was not always built in the eastern part in the 17th and 18th century and, instead, edifices for daebi were sometimes erected in several points within the royal compound. Beside, daebi’s residence in this period had additional spaces for ceremonies since they had a number of official events there.
Construction of daebi’s residences in this era was not confined to the symbolic institutions and they became the peculiar palaces with specific characteristics for official ceremonies of the queen mothers. Consequently, it could be said that the architectural style of dongjo, which was the place of the supreme female in the hierarchical order, stemmed from donggwol where daebi spent the longest time of the royal life.
‘Dongjo’ refers to a queen mother, which implies that they can participate in state affairs. Regency by the queen mother behind the veil was an official national system as one of the direct participating in ruling the nation, which made the queen mother enjoy the highest authority and status in the royal family.
Characteristically, there were often many queen mothers during the reign of a king, and therefore many places were needed for them to live, and respecting all the queen mothers was one of the moral obligations of the king. Respecting ceremonies and external events such as banquets for the queen mothers at a national level, together with daily lives, may have made the residence of Dongjo have a certain set of features as a place and a space. In addition, such situations seem to have had a strong effect on the establishment of the Dongjo architecture in the palace.
Undergoing many political strives over Dongjo, the royal family of the Choseon dynasty began to strengthen formalities for external respect since the 17th century, and the Dongjo architecture required the palace for the queen mother having space for state ceremonies and daily Sieso(a king’s temporary place). Accordingly, presumably the background for construction of Dongjo space and the palace building plan became different. In the 17th and 18th century, the Dongjo architecture was designed to meet the need of a space for official events for the queen mother and built into a certain type of place. Specifically, it is seen that unlike the existing tradition of palace construction of locating Dongjo in East, the palace buildings of the time were different from residences for the empress in the Chinese palace, and had features unique to the Dongjo architecture during the period, different from any buildings of the Changgyeong-gung palace, which had been used as the residence for Dongjo. This article examined the residence for the queen mother resulting from all these backgrounds and characteristics, and confirmed that Dongjo buildings newly built in this period changed the realm of the palace and led changes reflecting trends of the time, establishing the Dongjo architecture having unique forms. The study focused its discussion on under what requirements and needs newly built ‘residences for the queen mother’ of the time as a status of Dongjo became the object of building construction, despite the presence of the Changgyeong-gung palace, which had served as a symbolic palace for Dongjo in the system of the palace.
More than half of the palace area was for daily lives. Due to its nature that housed a number of women, palace buildings brought about changes, conservatively, but continuously, driven by changes in place and space depending on the lives of the women of the royal family, which were likely to change with the passage of time. As a place for women of the royal family, residences of the queen mother are of significance in the study of the palace history, clearly showing the traces of changes.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 Ⅰ
• 표 목차 Ⅴ
• 그림 목차 Ⅶ
• 감사의 글 Ⅺ
• 논문 개요 XV
• 제 1 장 서론 1
• 1.1 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
• 1.2 연구의 범위 및 방법 5
• 1.3 연구의 용어 정의 9
• 1.4 기존 연구 13
• 제 2 장 東朝의 개념 20
• 2.1 동조의 이중적 의미 23
• 2.1.1 상징적 호칭과 물리적 공간으로써의 이중의미 23
• 2.1.2 동조의 어원과 창경궁 조성에의 적용 25
• 2.1.3 동조의 이중적 개념과 대비전 조영의 역할 32
• 2.2 동조의 위계 : 大妃 37
• 2.2.1 대비의 섭정과 공간 운용 39
• 2.2.2 동조위상으로 전환되는 후비의 삶 44
• 2.2.3 조선의 후비와 동조位 46
• 2.3 동조의 조성 : 宮闕 51
• 2.3.1 창건 동조 51
• 2.3.2 동조 경영의 변화 58
• 2.4 소결 64
• 제 3 장 대비의 공적행위와 공간운영 68
• 3.1 동조건축의 형성 배경 70
• 3.2 수렴청정과 위계의 확립 80
• 3.2.1 수렴청정공간의 형태화 80
• 3.2.2 수렴청정절목의 제정과 공간정립 84
• 3.3 존호의식의 장소 88
• 3.3.1 소실된 의례의 相考 88
• 3.3.2 존호가상과 內殿 의례공간의 확립 91
• 3.4 연향의 의미와 공간 운용 101
• 3.4.1 여악이 설행되는 연향 공간 101
• 3.4.2 내연을 베풀기 위한 전각의 공간변화 104
• 3.4.3 연향장소의 특성과 공간 활용 111
• 3.5 소결 119
• 제 4 장 동조건축의 영건 實例 122
• 4.1 장렬왕후의 대비전 영건 124
• 4.1.1 효종의 대비전 조성 124
• 4.1.2 수정전 조성과정 125
• 4.1.3 서궁으로 칭한, 만수전과 춘휘전 131
• 4.2 인선왕후의 집상전 143
• 4.2.1 현종의 대비전 조성 143
• 4.2.2 집상전 조성과정 145
• 4.3 인원왕후의 경복전 150
• 4.3.1 경종․인원왕후의 관계와 시기적 배경 150
• 4.3.2 경복전 조성 153
• 4.4 혜경궁 홍씨의 자경전 156
• 4.4.1 정조의 자경전 조성 156
• 4.4.2 자경전 조성과정 159
• 4.5 소결 165
• 제 5 장 동조건축의 조영 167
• 5.1 동조건축의 개요 171
• 5.2 영역의 장소성 174
• 5.2.1 방위개념적 장소성 176
• 5.2.2 공간개념적 장소성 179
• 5.2.3 상징적 장소성 183
• 5.3 전각의 배치와 형태 189
• 5.3.1 기존 건축형식의 차용 191
• 5.3.2 행례에 적합한 공간 215
• 5.3.3 ‘동조건축’의 배치와 형태 추정 225
• 5.4 건축구성의 요건 234
• 5.4.1 독립적 영역 236
• 5.4.2 종축의 공간배치 237
• 5.4.3 전각을 위요하는 행각 239
• 5.4.4 궁궐 후방영역의 점유 240
• 제 6 장 결론 242
• 참고문헌 249
• Abstract 257