아리스토텔레스 윤리학의 행복 개념 = Concept of happiness in Aristotle's Ethics

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper I examined what is Aristotle's happiness through his book of Nicomachean Ethics. It appears that he proposes two contrasting views on happiness.
In order to describe Aristotle's two different ideas on happiness in Book 1 and 10, Hardie used the terms, inclusive, and dominant, in his book in 1965. An inclusive view of happiness interprets that happiness refers to not a specific virtue, but a combination of all virtues. It presents as a base for the inclusive interpretation the first Book where a life in accordance with moral virtue can be construed as happiness. On the other hand, a dominant view of happiness sees that happiness pertains to a spiritual activity, namely contemplation, which is the most important function of humans, and presents the tenth Book as the evidence.
I also investigated as a third approach Lawrence's view which attempts to resolve the conflicts between the two views by distinguishing two forms of an ideal life. Lawrence stated that contemplative activities can become the best way of life in an ideal condition where there are no factors disrupting humane needs and contemplative life, and performing a human excellence can consist of the best life in situations where there are difficulties to be accepted and actual prerequisites because of being a human.
I supposes that one fails to appreciate Aristotle's assertion in a proper way if one maintains that only one of the two views is right. It seems that Aristotle prepared the way how philosophers and common citizens select a type of life which is the most appropriate and valuable for their own purposes and live happy lives according to their natures and situations. Aristotle considers a life compatible with moral virtue or based on fortune happiness, too, so his conception on happiness is comprehensive and all-embracing. He only positions a contemplative life consisting of inquiring into human intrinsic functions at the highest level of happiness.
Happiness is self-realization achieved through continuous development of theory and practice. In other words, when one controls senses and needs by the force of reason, he or she can reach happiness. Therefore, it is important that rather than understanding the notion of contemplation emphasized in Book ten of Nicomachean Ethics in a narrow sense, we should interpret that he emphasized that it plays a primary role in leading a human life in his whole career so that reason, a human intrinsic function, can be completely exerted.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• Ⅱ. 『니코마코스 윤리학』1권에서의 행복 개념 = 4
• 1. 최고의 좋음, 최고의 목적으로서의 행복 = 4
• 2. 행복의 형식적 특징 = 6
• 3. 기능논변 = 10
• 4. 외부 선 = 14
• Ⅲ. 『니코마코스 윤리학』 10권에서의 행복 개념 = 16
• 1. 관조의 특징 = 17
• 2. 관조적 삶의 특징 = 20
• Ⅳ. 아리스토텔레스의 행복 개념에 대한 두 입장 = 23
• 1. 포괄론적 입장 = 24
• 2. 우월론적 입장 = 27
• Ⅴ. 포괄론과 우월론의 한계 및 제3의 입장 = 30
• 1. 포괄론의 문제점 = 30
• 2. 우월론의 문제점 = 31
• 3. 제3의 입장 = 33
• Ⅵ. 결론 = 35
• 참고문헌 = 37
• (Abstract) = 40