청소년의 여가활동 참가에 따른 자아탄력성이 자살위험성에 미치는 영향 = (The)Effect of Ego-resilience Based on the Youth's Participation in Activity Leisure on Suicidal Risk

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is purposed to find out objectively effect of ego-resilience based on youth's participation in leisure on suicidal risk and provide clue to solution of youth suicidal risk, serious social problem.
For achieving this purpose, we tried to find out that specifically what kind of sub-factor(human relation, vitality, emotion control, curiosity, positiveness) according to youth's leisure activity participating(whether participating or not, type of participation, degree of participation: period, frequency, strength, participatory companion) takes influence on which sub-factor of suicidal risk(hostility, negative self-evaluation, suicidal accident, despairing sense).
This study was proceeded with focusing on chi-square(χ2) analysis, multivariate analysis(MANOVA), analysis of variance(ANOVA), multi-regression analysis.
Demographical variables of youth used to study were surveyed total 16 schools from 4 regions comprising each 2 schools of middle school and high school selected from each of 4 regions in Seoul(based education authorities: Gangnam, Gangdong, Gangbuk, Gangseo). In addition, arrangement was made for even survey on grades of each region from grade 1~3, and by reviewing collected response to questionnaire, statistical processing was made for the object of 1,504 students excluding those with omitted data or insincere patterned response and study result as follows was obtained. Its result is as follows.

1. Difference in leisure activity participation, ego-resilience and suicidal risk according to youth's demographical variables(gender, class of school, grade, religion, region, family members, parent's marriage status, subjective economical level, subjective record) is as follows.
1) Difference in leisure activity participation according to youth's demographical variables
It was found that girl students showed higher rate than boy students in whether participating or not, period of participation in leisure activity, frequency of participation in leisure activity, strength of participation in leisure activity. And in case of difference in leisure activity of each class of school, middle-school students showed higher frequency(frequency of participation in leisure activity) that high-school students.
2) Difference in ego-resilience according to youth's demographical variables
For human relationship among various ego-resilience types, girl student showed better one than boy student and though as grade getting higher, their emotion control is improved, but positivity was fount to be lowered. And for the students living with grand parents of family members, students with high subjective economical level and record showed high ego-resilience and in case of curiosity variable, student to be alone showed higher rate.
3) Difference in suicidal risk according to youth's demographical variables
For suicidal risk, boy student showed more negative self-evaluatuon than girl student, and for the factor of suicide consideration, girl student showed higher point than boy student. And as grade getting higher, negative evaluation got higher. However, students said to have religion, those with high subjective level, high economical level and living together with parents showed low Suicide risk.

2. Difference in leisure activity, ego-resilience, suicidal risk according to youth's social･psychological variables(school friend, family dispute, family dialogue, problem consulting, worst stress, suicide of entertainer and others)is as follows.
1) Difference of leisure activities based on adolescents' social and psychological variables
The study shows that students who have numerous classmates, enjoy leisure activities with companions, and have few domestic quarrels enjoy and participate in leisure activities more.
2) Difference of Ego-Resilience based on adolescents' social and psychological variables
The study shows that students with many friends and frequent conversation with family members have higher ego-resilience. Moreover, ego-resilience is turned out to be high in students who consult parents in order to solve problems, and who do not feel sudden urge for suicide when exposed to media reports of celebrities committing suicide.
3) Suicidal Risk based on adolescents' social and psychological variables Students who answered to have one classmate and who have frequent quarrels within the family are turned out to have higher suicidal risk. Furthermore, students seem to have higher suicidal risk who tend to solve by themselves when faced problems and tend to be easily influenced by celebrities' suicides.

3. Difference in Ego-Resilience and Suicidal Risk is like the following.
1) Difference of Ego-Resilience based on adolescents' leisure activities.
Students who participate in leisure activities are turned out to have higher ego-resilience. Also, the closest companion of leisure activity seems to be neighborhood peer group, the most energetic participant companion seems to be school clubs, and the most interesting companion turned out to be social organizations.
2) Difference of Suicidal Risk based on adolescents' leisure activities.
Suicidal risk turned out to be higher in students who answered not to participate in leisure activities, according to the negative self-evaluation. The intensity of leisure activities which effect hostility and despair in positive way seems to be 1-2 hours a day, and it turned out that leisure activities of 30 minutes-3 hours a day is efficient in lowering suicidal risk.

4. Correlation between youth's self resilience(human relation, vitality, emotion control, curiosity, positiveness) and suicidal risk(hostility, negative self-evaluation, suicidal accident, despairing sense) is as follows.
Sub-factor of ego-resilience was found to make negative and static influence on suicidal risk. That is, vitality and positiveness were found to make negative influence to all of sub-factors of suicidal risk, and human relation making negative influence on hostility and negative self-evaluation variables of suicidal risk, and emotional control making negative influence on all of sub-factors excluding negative self-evaluation. But curiosity was found to make static influence on hostility, suicidal accident, despairing sense of sub-factors of suicidal risk excluding negative self-evaluation.
Summarizing above result, it was found that leisure activity makes positive influence on ego-resilience lowering Suicide risk. Consequently, we can suggest direction for activation of leisure activity as follows.
First, it is needed to suggest leisure activity program suitable to characteristic of each gender.
Second, for students' leisure type, as grade getting higher(because emotion control is improved, but positiveness is lowered) leisure activity possible to improve positive view, thought that despite difficulties coming, everything will be good, attitude accommodating result should be suggested.
Third, as leisure activity, religious life should be recommended and that together with grand parents and heightening subjective self-respect should be also recommended.
Fourth, mass-media should refrain from issuing report containing danger of Werther effect and stimulating sensitive students to lower suicide risk.
Fifth, leisure activity possible to heighten familiarity between families should be recommended.
Sixth, leisure activity enjoyed together with companion should be recommended.
Seventh, community activity in school should be recommended positively.
Eighth, student's strength(time) of leisure activity should be moderately adjusted.
Finally, this study notices that among the self-meaning leisure activity, making social leisure activity plays a role of heightening ego-resilience and lowering suicide risk. Leisure activity participation can plants positive self-concept in the mind of curiosity-full students. Characteristic of students in growth period is to have diverse intellectual curiosity. Effective education on leisure should precede so that they can make right judgement on the right and the wrong through right leisure activity.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구가설 6
• 3. 연구모형 8
• 4. 연구의 제한점 9
• 5. 용어의 정의 9
• II. 이론적 배경 12
• 1. 청소년 12
• 2. 여가 20
• 3. 자아탄력성 28
• 4. 자살위험성 46
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 66
• 1. 조사 대상 66
• 2. 측정도구 66
• 3. 설문지 구조의 타당성 검증 69
• 4. 자료처리 73
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 75
• 1. 청소년의 인구통계학적 변인에 대한 일반적 특성 75
• 2. 청소년의 사회･심리적 특성 78
• 3. 청소년의 인구통계학적 변인에 따른 여가활동 차이 80
• 4. 청소년의 인구통계학적 변인에 따른 자아탄력성 비교 110
• 5. 청소년의 인구통계학적 변인에 따른 자살위험성 비교 119
• 6. 청소년의 사회･심리적 변인에 따른 여가활동 비교 128
• 7. 청소년의 사회･심리적 변인에 따른 자아탄력성 비교 130
• 8. 청소년의 사회･심리적 변인에 따른 자살위험성 비교 138
• 9. 청소년의 여가활동 참가에 따른 자아탄력성 비교 146
• 10. 청소년의 여가활동 참가에 따른 자살위험성 비교 155
• 11. 자아탄력성과 자살위험간의 관계 162
• Ⅴ. 논의 164
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 186
• 참고문헌 193
• 부록-설문지