강강술래의 예술치유 현상에 관한 질적 연구 = (A) qualitative study on arts psychotherapeutic phenomena of Kangkangsulrai

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research is aimed at applying the grounded theory method, developed by Strauss ＆ Corbin(1990) making a comparative analysis on the essence of curative experiences about Kangkangsulrai and devising one substantial theory.
Since 2004, the 'pilot' research has been conducted with the beginning of participatory observation and field study. The intensive and full interview has been conducted from July 2007 to January 2008. The research subjects have experienced Kangkangsulrai more than once at least, on their own. They were adults who dwelt in Kwangju, South Cholla, and were able to put their experience significance into language, well enough. This research survey was of each male and female, in the form of individual intensive interview. And, the focus group interview was conducted of the two group in Muan, Jindo, with the total 16 participants. The interview length was extended from one hour four hours. The interview frequency was done from one time to four times, at least. In the process of interview, gathered were a wide range of data putting the experiences and feelings of Kangkangsulrai into gestures, pictures, poem and other word-associating task techniques and then telling or interpreting tales.
Through the sustained comparative analysis, the research thesis extended the scope of density and diversity of the concepts and categories found in the process of the analytic process. The data analysis was focused on image results as to interview contents and experiences. Firstly, the factors, such as 'concept', 'sub-category', 'superordinate-category', were introduced, through open coding. And then, axial coding was made in order to find out correlations with various categories. Then, the process variables were presented on the basis of the original data including the experiences and characteristics that Kangkangsulrai had, and the paradigm components were defined with the concentration on the psychodynamic influences and variables in pre and post-experiences. Also, this thesis comprehended the core categories about the experiences of Kangkangsulrai, through selective coding, and developed the correlations with each category, as the grounded theory, in accordance with the core categories. As the results of this research, the 14 superordinate- categories, 36 sub-categories and 184 concepts were introduced.
"14 superordinate-categories"were classified into 'psycho-repressive factors', 'creative dynamic', 'experience motivations', 'field experience patterns', 'repetitive music magics', 'possible creative play variables', 'symbolism as changeable traditional dance patterns', ' structure open to anyone and anywhere', 'synergy effect-bringing group dynamics', 'guides living up to participants' demands', 'their behaviors', 'emotion and thoughts changeable according to body gestures', 'meeting with each individual (individual purification)', 'neighbor( group purification) and 'nature(spiritual purification)'. Such above-stated categories were composed of the detailed paradigm components.
The casual conditions on the experiences of Kangkangsulrai had something to do with relation severed from experiences, psychodynamics, and experience factors such as grief, sadness and passion. This development is derived from 'Group Shinmeung(Gulsam)' or brisk movement, as the qualitative product of integrated interactive process in physical, psychological, intellectual and spiritual spheres. Having effects on this development, these conditions were related to the "influence of basic factors as to Kangkangsulrai' and "preference by participants( c hesitative traits, defensive traits, open acceptance). In this context, it was the 'arbitrary conditions', such as effect of Kangkangsulrai artistic traits(image expansion), group dynamics(sympathy, encouragement, and random actions) and 'structure dynamics and open channel(guide) that served as either facilitating or repressing strategies. Interactive strategies were related to pursuing 'repression', 'passive and positive expression'. The result showed that it might be possible to have 'psychodynamic stability and positive revitalization through individual purification' and have 'social conflict settlement and relation restoration' through 'group purification' along with 'self-revival and ecological thought through spiritual purification'.
It is demonstrated that the experiences of Kangkangsulrai can be cited as what's called 'artistic and psychodynamic-oriented self-remedy process'. With time going by, such process has undergone through 'self-remedy process', as 'pre-experience psychodynamic stage'-'Experience stage'-'Open and acceptance stage'-'Gulsam stage'-'Positive self'-'assertion stage' - 'Artistic and psychodynamic group stage'.
Also, this research thesis based on relations with each strategy and result category, under the main point of key categories. The repetitive relations with each category through the sustained comparison of the hypothetical statements and the grounded data indicated that the three psychodynamic types, such as 'dynamic avoidment type', 'artistic and group appeal type' and 'dynamic self-fulfillment type', existed among the participants. The research result revealed that the experiences of Kangkangsulrai were 'artistic and psychodynamic group-oriented self-remedy process. Such experiences were classified into the forgoing three types according to 'psychodynamical traits' among the Kangkangsulrai experiencers, 'artistic factors' and 'psychodynamic group effects of Kangkangsulrai'. This will serve as the significant message to total traditional play planners and guides, in the course of recreating and reviving Kangkangsulrai as the field culture, the medium of the future relations.
By understanding strategies among the participants, who respond to and adjust psychodynamic characteristics in the process of experiences, it is possible to stimulate psychodynamic group and obtain insights into strategical approaches that guides make as part a bid to seek therapeutical help, by understanding strategies among the participants, who respond to and adjust psychodynamic characteristics in the process of experiences. In addition, this research can provide one framework necessary for developing a substantial program applied into the theory on the experiences of Kangkangsulrai. And, such program will be able to be applied into and employed in various agencies, such as schools, families, hospitals, counselling centers and welfare settlements. Considering the Korean stern reality in which a rising number of women immigrants and North Korean defectors and early single-parent family patterns are emerging, it would be instrumental to break exclusive boundary between individuals and groups and instead, raise mutual communications. And, restoring a great deal of Korean traditional custom, such as group dances and other rituals, must be considered, although its patterns assume ones different from the ancient agricultural society. Because it functions as the cultural inheritage to bring together oneness of Korean people and revive reconciliation and coexistence, at the same time. Also, this research result demonstrated that in the process of the experiences about Kangkangsulrai, helping express Korean sentiment and behaviors, and restore spirits artistic and group factors and plays can be possible through artistic and group factors and play reflecting Korean traditional sentiment. This will become the data primary and useful to understand and study Korean sentiment-oriented counselling and psychological therapy culture, in the spot field, where requires experience artistic group experiences, in the future.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 Strauss와 Corbin(1990)이 제시한 근거이론 방법을 적용하여 강강술래 과정에서 얻을 수 있는 치유경험을 기술하고 분석하여 하나의 실체이론을 개발하는데 그 목적이 있었다.
연구 참여자는 강강술래를 한번 이상 직접 체험한 적이 있는 광주 전남지역에 거주하는 성인(30대-60대) 16명 이었다. 9명이 심층 면담에 참여하였고, 7명이 초점집단 면담에 참여하였다. 분석은 개방코딩과정을 통하여 개념, 하위범주, 상위범주를 도출하고, 축 코딩을 통하여 각 범주들의 관련성을 분석하였다. 그리고 선택코딩을 통하여 강강술래 경험의 핵심범주를 파악하고, 핵심범주와 각 범주들 간의 관련성을 토대로 근거이론을 도출하였다. 이러한 분석을 통해서 강강술래의 치유 경험과 관련하여 184개의 개념, 36개의 하위범주, 그리고 14개의 상위범주를 도출하였다. 14개의 상위 범주에는 억압적 역동, 창조적 역동, 체험 계기, 현장에서 체험되는 유형, 소극적 참여, 적극적 참여, 예술적 특성요인, 집단 역동 요인, 집단 신명 들어가기, 집단 신명 표출하기, 집단 신명 정리하기, 씻김, 관계회복 그리고 치유로 나타났다. 강강술래 치유 경험의 인과적 조건은 체험 전 참여자의 심리상태로 억압적 역동과 창조적 역동이 그 내용이었다. 현상은 체험의 계기와 현장에서 체험되는 유형을 내용으로 하는 현상 1과 신체, 정신, 사고, 그리고 영적인 영역의 통합적 상호작용의 결과로서 참여자가 경험하는 ‘집단 신명’이 중심 현상(현상 2)으로 나타났다. 이 현상에 영향을 미치는 맥락적 조건은 ‘체험 호감도(망설임/방어적임/호감)’로 나타났고, 중재적 조건은 ‘예술적 특성 요인’과 ‘집단 역동 요인’으로 나타났다. 작용/상호작용 전략은 ‘억압추구’, ‘소극적 표출 추구’, ‘적극적 표출 추구’로 나타났고, 결과는 씻김, 관계회복 그리고 치유로 나타났다. 강강술래의 경험 과정은 시간의 흐름에 따라 체험 전 단계, 체험 단계, 호감 단계, 집단 신명 단계, 적극적 자기표출 단계, 자기를 치유하는 단계로 나타났다. 그리고 각 전략과 결과의 범주 간에 있을 수 있는 관계를 기초로 ‘예술과 집단의 역동으로 자기를 치유하는 과정’으로 드러난 핵심범주를 근거자료와 비교한 결과, 강강술래 경험과정의 참여자의 행동 및 반응 유형은 ‘역동 회피형’, ‘예술과 집단호소형’, ‘역동적 자기 실현형’으로 나타났다.
본 연구의 의의는 먼저, 강강술래 경험자들의 실제 경험 자료를 토대로 강강술래의 치유적인 경험에 관한 근거이론을 구축하였다는 점이다. 또한 강강술래 경험의 과정과 구조를 체계화함으로써 강강술래가 현대인의 정신의 균형과 관련하여 한국적 집단예술치유문화로서 작용 할 수 있는 가능성을 볼 수 있었다. 그리고 실제 삶의 현장에서 강강술래의 예술치유 경험을 응용한 프로그램 개발의 이론적 기초를 마련할 수 있었다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 5
• 1. 문화와 예술치료 = 5
• 2. 집단 예술치유문화로서의 강강술래 = 11
• 3. 예술적 현상연구와 근거이론 = 15
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 = 18
• 1. 연구 참여자 = 18
• 2. 자료 수집 및 단계 = 19
• 3. 자료 분석 방법 = 26
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 = 30
• 1. 개방코딩 = 30
• 2. 축 코딩 = 78
• 3. 선택코딩 = 101
• 4. 과정분석 = 115
• 5. ‘강강술래의 예술치유 경험과정’에 관한 상황모형 = 125
• Ⅴ. 종합 논의 = 128
• 1. 결과의 요약 = 128
• 2. ‘강강술래의 예술치유 경험과정’에 대한 논의 = 130
• 3. ‘강강술래의 예술치유 경험과정’모델과 이론의 타당성 = 138
• 4. 본 연구의 의의 및 제언 = 141
• 참고 문헌 = 147
• Abstract = 150
• 부록 = 155