여대생의 전공계열에 따른 진로자기효능감이 진로결정수준에 미치는 영향

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 여대생의 전공계열에 따른 진로자기효능감이 진로결정수준에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 그 기초 작업으로 개인적 일반적 특성에 따른 진로자기효능감과 진로결정수준의 차이를 살펴보았다. 또한 진로자기효능감이 진로결정수준에 미치는 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다.
이를 위해 본 연구에서는 서울 소재 2개 여자대학의 체육계열, 인문계열, 공학계열 1학년 여대생 299명을 대상으로 하여 이기학과 이학주(2000)가 타당화 시킨 진로자기효능감 검사도구(CDMSES-SF)와 고향자(1992)가 대학생을 대상으로 번안한 진로결정수준 검사 도구를 사용하였다.
본 연구가설의 성격에 따라서 윈도우용 통계패키지 SPSS 12.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 일원분산분석, 사후검정, 회귀분석 통계기법을 사용하였다.
연구결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 첫째, 본 연구에서 진로자기효능감은 전공계열과 성적, 전공만족도와 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 전공계열에 따른 차이를 살펴 본 결과 인문계열, 체육계열, 공학계열 순으로 진로자기효능감이 높게 나타났다. 이는 체육계열의 경우 고등학교 시기에 미리 적성을 고려하여 전공을 선택하였기 때문에 일차적으로나마 진로가 결정되어 있기 때문으로 판단된다. 인문계열의 경우 전공만족도와 성적을 고려한 전공선택으로 체육계열보다 다소 높은 진로자기효능감을 얻고 있다고 사료된다. 공학계열의 경우 성적에 따른 전공선택으로 전공만족도가 낮아 진로자기효능감도 낮은 것으로 보여진다.
둘째, 본 연구에서 진로결정수준은 전공계열, 전공만족도와 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 전공계열에 따른 차이를 살펴 본 결과 인문계열, 체육계열, 공학계열 순으로 진로결정수준이 높게 나타났다. 성적에 있어서는 진로결정수준과 유의미한 차이가 없다고 나타났는데 연구대상자를 1학년으로 한정하여 성적에 대한 객관적인 자료를 판단하기 어려워 이와 같은 결과를 얻은 것으로 보여진다.
셋째, 본 연구에서는 체육계열, 인문계열, 공학계열 여대생 모두 진로자기효능감이 진로결정수준에 정적인 상관관계를 보였으며 인문계열과 공학계열과 비교하여 체육계열에서 진로자기효능감이 진로결정수준에 미치는 영향력이 46%로서 상대적으로 강함을 의미하였다.
진로자기효능감의 하위변인인 정보수립, 목표설정, 자기평가가 정적인 상관관계를 보였으며, 진로계획과 문제해결은 부적인 상관관계를 보였다.
이러한 결과는 여대생들의 진로자기효능감을 높여주기 위해서는 대학 1학년부터 자기평가효능감에 더욱 주목하여 진로지도가 이루어져야 함을 시사한다. 체육계열 여대생의 경우 진로자기효능감이 진로결정수준을 결정하는 변인임을 밝혔으므로 체육 분야의 평생교육과 직업교육 측면에서의 접근을 위해 전공학생들의 진로모색과 탐색의 방향 설정에 도움을 줄 수 있는 진로프로그램 개발과 제공이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research is conducted to recognize that how career self efficacy effects on the female university students’ profession decision making status. The basic study was applied to understand the difference between the decision making status and the career self efficacy on the individual characteristics. This study also helped to understand the relationship with these correlations.
The research was practiced in two women’s university in Seoul and the experimental subjects were 299 female students of those two universities who are enrolled in first year of physical education, general arts, and engineering professions. Lee Ki hak and Lee hak joo’s career self efficancy research method known as CDMSES-SF was applied to this experiment that was validated in 2000 and also career decision making status research method that was developed by Ko Hyang Ja in 1992 was applied.
The statistic data was analyzed through SPSS 12.0 due to the hypothesis characteristics. The research was organized with frequency, unitary dispersion, after impact, and revolution dispersion statistic analyzing method was applied.
The research result showed as following; first the research showed the meaningful relationship between the career self efficacy, and performance and satisfaction of their professions. The results on the career self efficacy on professions showed that general art profession had the highest result, following by physical education and engineering professions. For the physical education professions, that experimental subjects select their career path and professions during their high school years thus career self efficacy was fairly high. On the general art professions, the subjects have selected their professions with consideration on the profession satisfaction and possibility reachable performance which researched the highest career self efficacy. However, for the engineering professions the satisfaction of the profession was low which resulted the low career self efficacy.
Second, the study showed the significant relationship between the professions and satisfactions on the career decision making status. The result on the professions, the general art showed the highest career decisions making status then physical education and engineering professions have been followed. On the performance perspective there were no considerable difference has been showed. However the experimental subjects were the first year students only thus the reliable resources on the performance were not provided which could be the cause of the current research result.
Third, the study showed that female students in all profession had recognizable correlation between the career self efficacy and the career decision making status. On the comparison on each profession of career self efficacy and career decision making status, which general art showed as 48%, physical education showed as 45% and engineering showed as 25% resulted clear difference on engineering than other two professions.
The processes of collecting information, selecting achievable goal and self evaluation which are the subcategories of career self efficacy showed the consistent relationships, yet career path planning and problem solving showed the inconsistent relationships.
As the overall results, to increase career self efficacy of female university students, self evaluation efficacy needs to be focused and delivered under the career advising from first year of their university educational period. For the female physical education students that career self efficacy is the critical factor to determine the career decision status. The development and availability of career advising program is necessary to assist professional students to achieve the career learning and life learning of the physical educations.