The purpose of this study is to analyze possible effects of social welfare organization manager's leadership on social workers' organizational citizenship behavior and organizational effectiveness, so that it can propose possible practical ways to eff...
The purpose of this study is to analyze possible effects of social welfare organization manager's leadership on social workers' organizational citizenship behavior and organizational effectiveness, so that it can propose possible practical ways to efficiently manage the social welfare organizations. To meet the goals above, this study investigated and analyzed questionnaire data from total 451 social workers at social welfare organizations and facilities. As a result, this study came to the following conclusions:
First, in regard to organizational citizenship behavior depending on sociodemographic characteristics of respondents, it was found that male group showed higher personal relationships than female group, and the older age, the lower qualification level and the lower academic career were associated with more loyal activities for organization. And it was found that respondents in good relationships with their organizational principal showed higher scores in altruism, conscientious behaviors, self- development, personal relationships and loyal behaviors.
Second, in regard to organizational effectiveness depending upon sociodemographic characteristics of our respondents, it was found that female group showed higher job satisfaction than male group, and the older age group showed better job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness, that is, the older social workers adapt better to their organizations. And the respondents who formed good relationships with organizational principal showed higher scores in overall organizational effectiveness, job satisfaction, job performance and organizational commitment.
Third, with regard to possible effects of leadership style on behaviors of our respondents, it was found that their altruistic behaviors were most significantly motivated by conditional compensation, which was followed by intellectual stimulation; their conscientious behaviors were most significantly motivated by conditional compensation, which was followed by intellectual stimulation and exceptional management; their self-developmental behaviors were most significantly motivated by intellectual stimulation, which was followed by exceptional management; their personal relationship behaviors were most significantly motivated by conditional compensation, which was followed by intellectual stimulation and individual attention; their loyal behaviors were most significantly motivated by charismatic leadership, which was followed by intellectual stimulation, conditional compensation and exceptional management; and their overall OCB were most significantly motivated by conditional compensation, which was followed by individual attention and intellectual stimulation. In regard to possible effects of leadership style on organizational effectiveness of our respondents, it was found that their job satisfaction was most significantly motivated by conditional compensation, which was followed by individual attention, inspiration and intellectual stimulation; their job performance was most significantly motivated by conditional compensation, which was followed by charismatic leadership and intellectual stimulation; and their organizational commitment was most significantly motivated by conditional compensation, which was followed by inspiration. Notably, it was found that their overall organizational effectiveness was most significantly motivated by conditional compensation, which was followed by individual attention, inspiration and intellectual stimulation respectively.
Fourth, with regard to modeling for potential causations among leadership, OCB and organizational effectiveness, it was found that leadership had direct effects on OCB which also had direct effects on organizational effectiveness, and leadership had direct and indirect effects on organizational effectiveness as well.
Based on these findings, this study can propose detailed practical ways to improve the organizational effectiveness of social welfare organizations as follows:
First, in the interest of correct understanding about leaderships for social welfare practice sites, it is required to open regular training courses and provide reorientation courses or related regular programs for organizational members including managers and social workers. Also, it is required to prepare a variety of ways to manage human resources, which should involve moderate material and mental compensations for our social workers.
Second, it is important that organizational managers should present appropriate vision and directions for their organizations toward better life quality of clients, so that their organizational members can be motivated to meet clients on practical sites with the unified aims and goals.
Third, it is important that organizational mangers should form positive relationships with their organizational members, and also motivate members to form positive relationships with one another with the aim of better organizational effectiveness. It is required that organizational managers should develop various organizational interrelationship programs, conflict management program and other programs for reliable relationships.
Fourth, it is required that organizational managers should positively intervene in the resolution of problems faced by organizational members through various expertise required for practical sites.
In addition, it is important that organizational managers should pay individual attentions and give instructions and advices to each organization member. Of course, organizational managers should also express appreciations to organizational members all the time, assure their discretion to the best extent, and give them both rights and duties in favor of better confidence.
Fifth, it is necessary to understand detailed leadership characteristics and prepare a system of appropriate compensations required for organizational members. It is required for organizational managers to prepare a variety of compensation systems for organizational members and thereby appropriately intervene in their daily works.
Finally, it is expected that follow-up studies will fully allow for various variables related to effectiveness of social welfare organization, such as leadership, trust, organizational characteristics and communications, so that they will propose efficient ways to manage and operate social welfare organizations. Hopefully, the findings of this study will possibly be even a minor contribution to follow-up researches in efficient management and leadership for social welfare organizations.