The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a variety of relevant sociopsychological factors on elderly suicidal ideation and the causal relationship of the variables in an attempt to seek ways of preventing elderly suicide. The subjects in...
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a variety of relevant sociopsychological factors on elderly suicidal ideation and the causal relationship of the variables in an attempt to seek ways of preventing elderly suicide. The subjects in this study were 398 elderly people who resided at home in the region of Daegu. After the selected elderly people were interviewed, the following findings were given:
First, the female elderly people thought more of suicide than the male elderly people, and those who were older, who were less educated and who had no spouses felt more inclined to commit suicide.
Second, the factor that had the largest influence on their depression characterized by helplessness and hopelessness was personal character- istics, followed by social support and negative life experiences.
Third, their suicidal ideation was not under the significant firsthand influence of the independent variables, and the personal characteristics, social backing and negative life experiences had a significant secondhand impact on suicidal ideation through the medium of depression.
Fourth, covariance structure analysis was conducted to find out the causal relationship of all the variables, and depression turned out to exert a significant firsthand impact on suicidal ideation, and the personal characteristics, negative life experience and social support had a second- hand effect on that through depression marked by hopelessness and helplessness.
Given the findings of the study, how to prevent elderly people from committing suicide could be suggested as below by applying an antededent conditions model:
In the perspective of universal prevention, elderly people in general should be assisted to stabilize their economy by increasing their pension income, expediting job expansion for the elderly, improving medical welfare, strengthening long-term-care insurance as a way to reinforce the health care system, fortifying family functions and setting up a social support network. Thus, an efficient social welfare system geared toward the elderly should be built, and people in general should be educated about suicide phenomena to correct their awareness and biased view of suicide. The most powerful way to tighten the control over elderly suicide is formulating a policy to have the elderly stay away from things that make it possible to commit suicide. In terms of selective prevention, elderly people who are especially in danger of suicide should be taught to be aware of the symptoms of suicidal ideation, and resilience programs should be provided to them. Screening programs should be prepared to screen elderly people who are at risk of suicide, and experts who could assist elderly people not to commit suicide should be nurtured. And supporting programs that cater to people around suicides should be developed. As for indicated prevention methods intended for elderly people with suicidal ideation or depression, depressed elderly people should be helped in every possible way to get over depression, and intervention should be provided for elderly people in crisis. Health care experts should be nurtured, and telephone or cyber counseling services should be supplied.
The suicide rate of the elderly in our country ranked first among OECD member countries. The suicide rate of the elderly is several times as large as that of the youth and adults. As there is a rapid increase in the elderly population, it's urgently needed to take measures to prevent the suicide of elderly people to bolster their welfare and quality of life.
It was not quite easy for this study to determine the cause and characteristics of elderly suicide due to a lot of restraints. The short- term quantitative approach isn't successful enough to get an extensive grip on suicide, which is a matter that shouldn't be taken lightly. Besides, only stay-at-home elderly people were examined in this study, and just a few thought of suicide among them, which made it difficult to produce generalizable results. In the future, depressed and non- depressed elderly people should be investigated separately to acquire more precise information on elderly suicide, and it's required to have an in-depth interview with and make an observation of at-risk elderly people and families of suicides at the same time.