The purpose of this study was to investigate how children's temperament, and mother's child-rearing behavior are related to young children's autonomous behavior.
For the purpose, following research questions were established:
1. What's the relations...
The purpose of this study was to investigate how children's temperament, and mother's child-rearing behavior are related to young children's autonomous behavior.
For the purpose, following research questions were established:
1. What's the relationship between the temperament and the autonomous behavior of an young children? And how did it affected by gender?
2. What's the relationship between the mother's child-rearing behavior and the autonomous behavior of an young children? And how did it affected by gender?
The subjects of this study were 268 5-year-old young children and their mothers from 26 classes of the public kindergarten located in a city 'S' and 'J' in GyungSangNamDo.
「Young Children's Autonomous Behavior Rating Scale」which is developed by Lee(2007) is used as the instrument to assess young childrens' autonomous behaviors.
For the assessment of an young children's temperament, an children-oriented-questionnaire, based on Thomas and Chess(1977)'s RITQ(Revised children Temperament Questionnaire) and Carey and McDevitt(1978)'s PTQ(Parent Temperament Questionnaire), and the interview results with the mothers, was used.
The mothers' child-rearing behavior was assessed through 「Scale for Child-Rearing Behavior」, which is a revision of Crase, Clark, and Peas's IPBI(Iowa Parent Behavior Inventory: Mother Form) adapted to Korea's situation.
The data process was done calculating the mean and the standard deviation to clarify the grades of the young children's temperament, the mother's child-rearing behavior, and the young children's autonomous behavior, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient was also used to pinpoint the relationship among the three variables.
The results of this study is like this:
First, we examined the correlation between the temperaments and the autonomous behaviors of young children. As the result, the activity, among dimensions that constitute the temperament of young children, had the weak negative correlation with the autonomous behaviors of young children. Adaptability, rhythmicity, reactivity, and emotionality had no meaningful correlation with the autonomous behaviors of young children.
We also examined the correlation between the temperaments and the subcategories of the autonomous behaviors of young children. The activity, among dimensions that constitute the temperament of young children, had the weak negative correlation with all of the subcategories of the autonomous behaviors of young children. It had relatively strong negative correlation with clean-up and transition. Arrival and planning, free-choice activities, evaluation and departure, and the group activities followed in order. The adaptability, among dimensions that constitute the temperament of young children, had very weak negative correlation with clean-up and transition among the subcategories of the autonomous behaviors of young children. Except for the activity and adaptability, rhythmicity, intimacy, emotionality had no meaningful correlation with the subcategories of the autonomous behaviors of young children.
As the result of examining the correlation between the temperaments and the autonomous behaviors of young children according to the sex, in case of the male children, among dimensions that constitute the temperament of young children, the activity had the weak negative correlation with the autonomous behaviors of young children. Except for the activity, adaptability, rhythmicity, reactivity, and emotionality had no meaningful correlation with the autonomous behaviors of young children.
In case of the female children, dimensions that constitute the temperament of young children had no meaningful correlation with the autonomous behaviors of young children.
As the result of examining the correlation between the temperaments and the subcategories of autonomous behaviors of young children according to the sex, the male young children had the negative correlation with all of the subcategories of autonomous behaviors in their activity. It had relatively strong negative correlation with clean-up and transition. Arrival and planning, group activities, evaluation and departure, and free-choice activities followed in order. Rhythmicity, among dimensions that constitute the temperament of young children, had weak positive correlation with free-choice activities, clean-up and transition, and group activities. In case of male young children, except for activity and rhythmicity, adaptability, reactivity, and emotionality had no meaningful correlation with the subcategories of autonomous behaviors of young children.
In case of the female young children, activity and reactivity, among dimensions that constitute the temperament of young children, had weak negative correlation with clean-up and transition of the subcategories of autonomous behaviors of young children. Except for activity and reactivity, adaptability, rhythmicity, and emotionality had no meaningful correlation with the subcategories of autonomous behaviors of young children.
Secondly, we examined the correlation between the autonomous behaviors of young children and the mothers' child-rearing behaviors. Reasoning guidance, among the subcategories of child-rearing behaviors, had weak positive correlation with the autonomous behaviors of young children. Limit setting, responsiveness, and intimacy had no meaningful correlation with the autonomous behaviors of young children.
As the result of examining the correlation between the mothers' child-rearing behaviors and the subcategories of the autonomous behaviors of young children, reasoning guidance had weak positive correlation with all the subcategories of the autonomous behaviors of young children. It had relatively strong positive correlation with clean-up and transition. Free-choice activities, group activities, evaluation and departure, and arrival and planning followed in order. Except for reasoning guidance, limit setting, responsiveness, and intimacy had no meaningful correlation with the subcategories of the autonomous behaviors of young children.
As the result of examining the correlation between the mothers' child-rearing behaviors and the autonomous behaviors of young children according to the sex, in case of the male young children, limit-setting among the subcategories of child-rearing behaviors, had weak positive correlation with the autonomous behaviors of young children. Except for the limit-setting, reasoning guidance, intimacy and responsiveness had no meaningful correlation with the autonomous behaviors of young children.
In case of the female young children, reasoning guidance and responsiveness had the positive correlation with the autonomous behaviors of young children. Except for the reasoning guidance and responsiveness, limit-setting and intimacy had no meaningful correlation with the autonomous behaviors of young children.
As the result of examining the correlation between the mothers' child-rearing behaviors and the subcategories of autonomous behaviors of young children according to the sex, in case of the male young children, reasoning guidance had weak positive correlation with clean-up and transition. Limit setting, among the subcategories of the mothers' child-rearing behaviors, had weak positive correlation with free-choice activities, clean-up and transition, group activities, and evaluation and departure. Responsiveness, among the subcategories of the mothers' child-rearing behaviors, had weak negative correlation with arrival and planning. Except for the limit-setting, reasoning guidance and responsiveness, intimacy had no meaningful correlation with the subcategories of autonomous behaviors of young children.
In case of the female young children, reasoning guidance had the positive correlation with all of the subcategories of autonomous behaviors of young children. It had relatively strong positive correlation with free-choice activities. Clean-up and transition, group activities, evaluation and departure, and arrival and planning followed in order. Responsiveness, among the subcategories of the mothers' child-rearing behaviors, had weak positive correlation with arrival and planning, free-choice activities, and clean-up and transition. Eexcept for reasoning guidance and responsiveness, limit-setting and intimacy had no meaningful correlation with the subcategories of autonomous behaviors of young children.