경찰공무원의 탈진이 직무태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 = (A) study on the effects of burnout on job attitudes in police officers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The job stressors of the police officers, such as the increase of demanded situation, are increasing by the change of circumstance of inside and outside around the police, for this the job stress of the police officers is increasing more and more in process of work. If police officers are exposed to this situation of job stress for long time without overcoming it well, the police officers can be in the condition of burnout, and if the police officers are influenced by the burnout, the result shows much more negative influence than job stress. The negative influence of burnout is not only to the personal and organizational level, but also to the citizen who is the beneficiary of service, so the proper countermeasure should be provided to prevent or to reduce.
So, this study is performed to provide implications for the management of police organization or human resources by grasping not only influence that burnout has on job attitudes, but also whole relation among burnout, job stressors that are the antecedents of burnout and job attitudes that are the consequences of burnout.
To achieve this purpose of study, it set a frame of analysis based on theoretical background about burnout, and examined empirically about the police officers. By the job demand-control-support model, 3 factors of job demand, job control, social support regarded as the antecedents of burnout are chosen. This study examines how these factors influence on burnout. By setting job attitudes(organizational commitment, job satisfaction) regarded as the consequences of burnout, this study examines the relation with burnout.
A survey of 550 police officers who had been educated at the police comprehensive academy in Korea was conducted. 538 police officers among them responded to the survey and used 481 police officers' response in actual analysis. Here, statistical techniques such as reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, T-test, ANOVA, multiple regression and three-step mediated regression analysis are used in data-processing with SPSS 14.0 program.
The major results of this study are as follows:
First, in the relation between job stressors and burnout, job demand(+) and social support(-) significantly influence on emotional exhaustion, job demand(-) and job control(-) significantly influence on reduced personal accomplishment, and job control(+) and social support(-) significantly influence on depersonalization.
Second, in the relation between burnout and job attitudes, reduced personal accomplishment(-) and depersonalization(-) significantly influence on organizational commitment, and all of emotional exhaustion(-), reduced personal accomplishment(-), and depersonalization significantly influence on job satisfaction.
Third, as the result of research about if burnout works as a mediating effect between job stressors and job attitudes or not, it works as a mediating effect between job demand and job satisfaction, and between social support and job satisfaction in case of emotional exhaustion, and it works as a mediating effect between job control and organizational commitment, and between job control and job satisfaction in case of reduced personal accomplishment, and it works as a mediating effect between social support and organizational commitment, between job demand and job satisfaction, and between social support and job satisfaction in case of depersonalization.
The management plans of burnout based on these results are follows:
To lower the level of job demand that influences on burnout, and to lower the level of burnout by raising the level of job control and social support are demanded. Furthermore to lower the level of burnout that influences on job attitudes is demanded.
In connection with the antecedents of burnout concretely, first, it is not to bring about a negative result to person or organization by preventing the police officers not to be burned out by job demand, such as excessive work load and role conflict.
Second, to improve job control of the police officers, a change to the way of participatory management that expands the chance of participation in the process of decision-making with being out of traditional or masterful way is demanded. Also job control of police officers should be improved by granting proper authority and responsibility in first-line police officers and pursuing creative and innovative way for solving problem.
Third, to strengthen social support, it demands the construction of means of communication that the interactive communication works well and that the feedback is easy, the proper leadership of superiors, the correct understanding about task, and the understanding, support and capability of upbringing about subordinates, and it has to devise the plan that can understand colleagues each other, promote the cooperation, and form atmosphere of organization that encourages and praises each other. Furthermore, it should prevent burnout with developing the mentor program or peer-counselling program.
Now in connection with the consequences of burnout, the personal effort for prevention, such as maintaining good health, learning technique like yoga and contemplation to cope with tension and stress is important. However, because this effort is much related to the organizational effort, the organizational effort is important as well. For this, firstly, the development and revitalization of the police officers assistance service program such like the Employee Assistance Programs of U. S. is needed.
Secondly, it has to improve job attitudes by reducing the level of burnout through the effective personnel management in the side of motivation, which is about the supplement of the police officers, education and training, promotion, salary, and welfare system.
Finally, the limitations of this study and directions for future study are as follows:
First, this study has the limitation for generalizing the result of study because this was done not for all of the police officers.
Second, Although there were various factors that explained burnout. I didn't have the diversified and inclusive study because of selecting factors only that were based on former studies.
Third, because the scale for main variables used in this study was developed abroad, there are limitations in applying to the domestic study.
Fourth, in connection with time of study, it doesn't consider the situation that can be changed in each evaluation, because this is cross sectional study operated once on a fixed point of time.
In order to pursue the elaborate and extensive study in the future, the large sample survey, more detailed and systematic methods of study, and the search of factors that can explain the burnout should be performed.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 연구의 목적 = 1
• 제2절 연구의 범위와 방법 = 4
• 1. 연구의 범위 = 4
• 2. 연구의 방법 = 6
• 제2장 연구의 이론적 배경 = 8
• 제1절 탈진의 개관 = 8
• 1. 탈진의 개념 및 과정 = 8
• 2. 경찰 특수성과 탈진 = 16
• 3. 탈진의 측정 = 29
• 제2절 탈진의 설명 이론 = 32
• 1. 직무요구-통제 이론 = 32
• 2. 직무요구-통제-지지 이론 = 36
• 3. 자원보존 이론 = 37
• 4. 직무요구-자원 이론 = 39
• 제3절 직무태도 = 41
• 1. 직무태도의 개념 = 41
• 2. 직무태도의 구성요소 = 44
• 제4절 선행연구의 검토 = 55
• 1. 탈진의 원인에 관한 연구 = 55
• 2. 탈진의 결과에 관한 연구 = 61
• 제3장 조사설계 = 66
• 제1절 분석의 틀 = 66
• 1. 연구의 모형 = 66
• 2. 가설의 설정 = 68
• 제2절 측정도구 = 70
• 1. 변수의 조작적 정의 = 70
• 2. 설문지 구성 = 75
• 제3절 조사 및 분석 방법 = 76
• 1. 표본 설계 및 자료 수집 방법 = 76
• 2. 자료 분석 방법 = 78
• 제4장 조사 분석 및 분석결과의 논의 = 79
• 제1절 조사 분석 = 79
• 1. 조사대상자의 일반적 특성 = 79
• 2. 측정도구의 타당성·신뢰도 분석 = 82
• 3. 일반적 특성에 따른 주요 변수의 차이 분석 = 90
• 4. 가설의 검증 = 98
• 제2절 분석결과에 대한 논의 = 120
• 제5장 결론 및 정책적 함의 = 126
• 참고문헌 = 132
• ABSTRACT = 144
• 설문지 = 149