This study attempted to identify the domains of contingencies of self-worth (Crocker & Wolfe, 2001) in Korea and examine the effect of self-discrepancy between a given domain of contingencies and its self-evaluation on psychological adjustment. In stu...
This study attempted to identify the domains of contingencies of self-worth (Crocker & Wolfe, 2001) in Korea and examine the effect of self-discrepancy between a given domain of contingencies and its self-evaluation on psychological adjustment. In study 1, the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale (CSWS; Crocker, Luhtanen, Cooper, & Bouvrette, 2003) was validated in Korean cultural context, using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and correlation analysis. The EFA results yielded a 27-item Korean CSWS (K-CSWS) with five distinctive factors. Four factors (God's love, Virtue, Others' Approval, and Family Support) were almost identical as in the original CSWS; however, a new factor (Superiority) emerged in Korea, which may tap into the competitive nature of Korean culture. Correlation results with the criterion variables (i.e., self-esteem, locus of evaluation, satisfaction with life, and social desirability) provided support for convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity of the K-CSWS. In study 2, based on the self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987), a two-step cluster analysis (Hair & Black, 2000) was conducted using the discrepancy score (i.e., the standardized score of a domain-specific contingency - the standardized score of one's self-evaluation on the contingency) as the clustering variable. Subsequently, the cluster differences on psychological adjustment were examined using MANOVA. As the result, three clusters (High Self-Evaluation Group, High Contingency Group, and Balanced Group) emerged with the High Contingency Group indicating more psychological maladjustment than the other two groups. This study supports both the contingency of self-worth theory and the self-discrepancy theory, and implies that reducing the self-discrepancy may lead to high self-esteem and better adjustment.