Recently, e-learning that accepts prompt reply of enterprises, the study is available anywhere and anytime and the limit in time, space and expense is overcome is outstanding by reason of the effective educational mode(Lee, Im, Jo, 2002). Although e-...
Recently, e-learning that accepts prompt reply of enterprises, the study is available anywhere and anytime and the limit in time, space and expense is overcome is outstanding by reason of the effective educational mode(Lee, Im, Jo, 2002). Although e-learning with a variety of advantages is outstanding, the problems such as low academic achievement and high drop-out rate is suggested (Son, 2004). Accordingly, investigate factors that have an effect on the motivation for e-learning achievement and the learners who are doing e-learning so that the enterprise e-learning gets the realistic effects, in particular, it is presented that e-learning should be designed to be suitable for the learner's characteristics and operated accordingly. This study is to provide the fundamental resource which is theoretically utilized for e-learning design and operation after ascertaining whether or not the intrinsic motivation of adult learners, achievement goals and the level of self-regulated learning are capable of predicting study achievement and process participation.
The questions for this study are as followings:
1. Are learner's intrinsic motivation and the level of self-regulated learning capable for predicting achievement goals in e-learning course?
2. Are learner's intrinsic motivation and the level of self-regulated learning capable for predicting academic achievement in e-learning course?
3. Are learner's achievement goals (mastery-approach goals, mastery-avoidance goals, performance-approach goals, performance-avoidance goals, work avoidance goals) capable for predicting academic achievement and participation in e-learning course?
The online survey was conducted toward the participants in 26 lectures of a month course being provided from S company that is enterprise education institution. In the beginning of the course, to measure intrinsic motivation and the level of self-regulated learning, the online questionnaires are posted to 428 participants. After two weeks since the course get started, to investigate what role the intrinsic motivation did for learner's achievement goals, the 2nd online survey was conducted, Total 60 questionnaires collected from 1st and 2nd survey are finally analyzed.
The results of this study as followings:
First, the learner's intrinsic motivation shows positive correlation (r = .57, p < .01) in mastery-approach goals and negative correlation (r = -.55, p < .01) in work avoidance goals, besides, the level of self-regulated learning shows positive correlation (r = .38, p < .01) in mastery-approach goals and negative correlation (r = -.40, p < .01) in work avoidance goals. These results accord with results of the study on the relationship between mastery goals and self-regulated learning strategy by Jo and Kim(1998). The intrinsic motivation and the level of self-regulated learning has positive relationship with mastery-approach goals and negative relationship with work avoidance goals. The intrinsic motivation shows higher relationship than work avoidance goals. As a result of applying the intrinsic motivation and the level of self-regulated learning to independent variable and achievement goals to dependent variable, the intrinsic motivation meaningfully predicts mastery-approach goals (β = .52) and work avoidance goals (β = -.47). These results accord with the results of the study on investigating whether or not the intrinsic motivation predicts achievement goals by Harackiewicz and his colleagues(2007).
Second, as result of investigating whether or not the learner's intrinsic motivation and self-regulated learning predict, statistically meaningful results are not shown. Namely, in this study, the intrinsic motivation and self-regulated learning do not predict at all and achievement goals does not play a role as parameter. Furthermore, the intrinsic motivation and the level of self-regulated learning have nothing to do with study achievement and process participation. These results is originated from e-learning with the environmental speciality. Namely, the precedent study was conducted in face to face situation, on the other hand, this study is conducted in the process of e-learning. In reality, in a study on investigating the relationship between achievement goals and study achievement, and intrinsic motivation on the basis of Internet based study environment by Sim and Song(2007) dose not show any correlation. It implies that the intrinsic motivation and study achievement do shoe different tendency in facto fact study and e-learning. Besides, there are other important variables in predicting academic achievement and participation.
Third, as a result of investigating relationship between participation ,and learner's achievement goals and academic achievement over e-learning course, the participation has positive relationship with academic achievement(r = .27, p < .05), mastery-avoidance goals(r = .31, p < .05), and performance-approach goal(r = .28, p < .05). However, academic achievement has no correlation with any achievements goals. As a result of applying achievement goals to independent variable and academic achievement and participation to dependent variable, achievement goals does not predict academic achievement, F(2, 60) = .70, p = .624, and course participation, F(2, 60) = 2.05, p = .086. These results imply that there are other important variables in predicting academic achievement and participation in e-learning environment.
In these results, in order that the learners pursue achievement goals in e-learning course, the intrinsic motivation should be improved. Besides, apart from face to face study situation, there are main variables in predicting study environment and participation in e-learning circumstance. Accordingly, in further study, it is necessary to study variables that predict academic achievement and participation in e-learning course.
The limits if this study are as followings:
First, it has the limit in generalization because the number of the study subjects is not enough. Thus, the further study with more sampling is necessary.
Second, the reply time of respective learners is different and survey are conducted 2 times in short period of time, thus, the rate of the return is very low. In the next study, select one e-learning course with enough time to observe and conduct the study again. In this case, the results excluding difference originated from characteristics in each of courses and lower rate of return by conducting frequent survey are expected.
Third, there may be other environment and design factors affecting academic achievement and participation in e-learning study circumstance, however, the point is not investigated in this study. Accordingly, it is necessary to investigate the factors that have an effect on learner's academic achievement and participation in enterprise online study environment such as environment and design factor in the next study.
Fourth, in this study, the dependent variables relating to academic achievement and participation are investigated. However, if investigating how the intrinsic motivation that the first learners have is changed after the process and how the self-regulated learning is changed, more accurate study results will be acquired. In the next study, more sophisticate study design will be necessary as analysing pre and post intrinsic motivation, and pre and post level of self-regulated learning.